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951.
952.
Bardone-Cone AM Joiner TE Crosby RD Crow SJ Klein MH le Grange D Mitchell JE Peterson CB Wonderlich SA 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(7):887-894
The current study tested a psychosocial interactive model of perfectionism, self-efficacy, and weight/shape concern within a sample of women with clinically significant bulimic symptoms, examining how different dimensions of perfectionism operated in the model. Individuals with bulimia nervosa (full diagnostic criteria or subthreshold) completed measures of bulimic symptoms, multidimensional perfectionism, self-efficacy, and weight/shape concern. Among those who were actively binge eating (n=180), weight/shape concern was associated with binge eating frequency in the context of high perfectionism (either maladaptive or adaptive) and low self-efficacy. Among those who were actively vomiting (n=169), weight/shape concern was associated with vomiting frequency only in the context of high adaptive perfectionism and low self-efficacy. These findings provide support for the value of this psychosocial interactive model among actively binge eating and purging samples and for the importance of considering different dimensions of perfectionism in research and treatment related to bulimia nervosa. 相似文献
953.
954.
The Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm can produce high levels of false remembering for lists of both semantic and phonological
associates. The present study investigated whether similar mechanisms mediate false memories with these two types of lists.
Experiment 1 measured the relationship between levels of false memory obtained with lists of semantic and phonological associates.
The results indicated little correlation between false memories generated with the two types of associates. Experiment 2 used
a between-subjects design to determine whether the absence of a significant correlation in Experiment 1 was a consequence
of the relatively low levels of false memory observed in that experiment. The results indicated similar proportions of false
memories in Experiments 1 and 2, suggesting that the within-subjects design in Experiment 1 did not reduce the overall levels
of false recall or recognition. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the independence of the mechanisms
mediating different types of false memories. 相似文献
955.
Callan MJ Ellard JH Will Shead N Hodgins DC 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2008,34(11):1514-1529
The present article explores the hypothesis that gambling might serve a justice-seeking function for some people, as gambling might offer a means to pursuing desirable outcomes that people feel they deserve but might be unable or unwilling to attain through conventional means. In Study 1, across two separate samples, self-reports of personal relative deprivation predict problem gambling and gambling urges over and above relevant control variables. In Study 2, the authors manipulate personal relative deprivation by informing participants that they have either less or more discretionary income than "similar others." They then give participants $20 and the opportunity to gamble. The results show that a greater percentage of participants who are "relatively deprived" (vs. "not relatively deprived") opt to gamble. Two manipulation validation studies demonstrate that the "relatively deprived" participants are preoccupied with justice during a modified Stroop task and feel resentful. Implications for understanding why people gamble are discussed. 相似文献
956.
Mitchell KJ Raye CL McGuire JT Frankel H Greene EJ Johnson MK 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2008,34(4):780-790
A short-term source monitoring procedure with functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed neural activity when participants made judgments about the format of 1 of 4 studied items (picture, word), the encoding task performed (cost, place), or whether an item was old or new. The results support findings from long-term memory studies showing that left anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) is engaged when people make source attributions about reflectively generated information (cognitive operations, conceptual features). The findings also point to a role for right lateral PFC in attention to perceptual features and/or familiarity in making source decisions. Activity in posterior regions also differed depending on what was evaluated. These results provide neuroimaging evidence for theoretical approaches emphasizing that agendas influence which features are monitored during remembering (e.g., M. K. Johnson, S. Hashtroudi, & D. S. Lindsay, 1993). They also support the hypothesis that some of the activity in left lateral PFC and posterior regions associated with remembering specific information is not unique to long-term memory but rather is associated with agenda-driven source monitoring processes common to working memory and long-term memory. 相似文献
957.
Creating and Sustaining Gender Diversity in Sport Organizations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
George B. Cunningham 《Sex roles》2008,58(1-2):136-145
Past diversity frameworks have focused on the desired end state of diversity management strategies (i.e., cultures that value
diversity and capitalize on the benefits that differences can bring to the organization) but have largely failed to highlight
the methods of creating such change. A model is proposed that addresses this gap in the literature. Specifically, I argue
that political, functional, and social pressures will call into question the legitimacy of the institutionalized nature of
gender inequality in sport organizations. These pressures are then thought to result in employee commitment to and behavioral
support for gender diversity initiatives. The relationship between the pressures for deinstitutionalization and commitment
to gender diversity are thought to be moderated by four factors: the presence of change teams, education, top management support,
and systemic integration. Contributions and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
958.
The purpose of the current study was to examine factors that impact people's reactions to physical contact by an athletics coach toward a player. Participants (82 undergraduate students in the U.S.) took part in a 2 (coach sex) × 2 (player sex) experiment aimed at assessing their perceived appropriateness of the coach striking the player and their preferred consequences for that action. Hierarchical regression analysis provided support for a coach sex × player sex × participant attitudes toward women interaction in predicting the perceived appropriateness of the physical contact. Multinomial logistic regression then indicated that perceived appropriateness was inversely related to the severity of the preferred consequences for the coach. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications. 相似文献
959.
Experience and problem representation in statistics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research investigated experience level differences in problem representation in statistics. A triad judgment task was designed so that source problems shared either surface similarity (story narrative) or structural (inferential level) features (t test, correlation, or chi-square) with the target problem. Graduate students with varying levels of experience in statistics were asked to choose which source problem "goes best" with the target problem for each triad. Given a choice between a problem that shares surface-level characteristics and one that shares inferential-level characteristics, students who had taken 0 to 4 courses in statistics tended to represent problems on the basis of surface-level features. Students who had more than 4 courses did not consistently make choices on the basis of surface-level features, nor did they consistently rely on structural features. However, all students with statistics course backgrounds noticed structural features when competition between different types of features was eliminated. The role of surface and structural features in determining problem representations is discussed. 相似文献
960.
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasingly prevalent health risk behavior among adolescents and represents a significant public health concern. Although researchers have identified numerous antecedents or risk factors that precede engagement in NSSI behaviors, few studies have examined the role of peer influence processes. Yet, recent research suggests that adolescents may be more likely to engage in NSSI when close friends or other peers engage in similar behaviors. The following paper reviews past research on peer influence effects, including potential mechanisms and moderating variables. Methodological considerations for future research on peer influence and NSSI are discussed. 相似文献