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41.
Wendy Zwaanswijk Mitch van Geel Paul Vedder 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(8):1643-1649
The current study aims to address socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderating variable between psychopathic traits and conduct problems in a sample of 2432 Dutch adolescents (Mage?=?14.50 years, SD?=?1.67, 56% male). Both family and neighborhood SES were measured, with income as a proxy for the level of SES. There were small but significant positive correlations between the behavioral and interpersonal dimensions of psychopathy and family SES, a small but significant negative correlation between the affective dimension and neighborhood SES, and a small and significant positive correlation between neighborhood SES and the behavioral dimension of psychopathy. Results further showed that the relations between youth psychopathic traits were moderated by neither family SES nor neighborhood SES. The results suggest that the relations between psychopathic traits and conduct problems are equally strong for lower and higher SES youth. Taken together, these findings warrant the conclusions that SES does not play a role as a moderator in the relation between psychopathy and conduct problems. 相似文献
42.
Presenting stimuli that are salient to their concerns produces particular patterns of avoidance or vigilance in both clinical and nonclinical populations. To date, no research has explored if this effect extends to forensic populations when presented with violently themed stimuli. Such material can be seen as potentially salient to those people who might habitually resort to aggression. To test this prediction, two studies (a dot-probe and emotional Stroop) examined the effect of presenting aggressively themed words to a group of offenders and undergraduates. Violent offenders (as classified by their index offence) demonstrated significant response biases to aggression words in both tests. This effect was also found in the aggressive undergraduates (as classified by anger scores on the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire). These data confirm the saliency of aggression words to aggressive individuals and suggest that these simple cognitive tests may offer a potential objective measure of assessment in forensic populations. 相似文献
43.
In addition to providing robust cues diagnostic of prospective mates' heritable fitness, various physical features could be similarly utilized in inferring individuals' parental abilities. This study sought to explore how variations in sexually dimorphic facial features inform perceptions of social targets as motivated to provide parental care. American undergraduates (N = 244) viewed a series of 12 total male and female faces manipulated at varying degrees of sex-typicality (i.e., masculinized versus feminized versus unaltered controls) on a within-subjects basis, and rated the perceived motivation of each target to nurture and protect a child using items derived from the Parental Care and Tenderness Scale. Female targets were perceived as more motivated by parental care than male targets, F(1, 240) = 14.86, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.058, whereas male targets were perceived as specifically motivated to protect offspring, F(1, 240) = 177.32, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.425. Feminized targets were additionally perceived as more motivated by nurturance, though such inferences were apparent for both male and female targets, F(1, 240) = 7.36, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.058. Findings represent an understanding of perceivers use of functional heuristics of sexual dimorphism in identifying optimal parents. 相似文献
44.
DeBernardis Genevieve M. Hayes Linda J. Fryling Mitch J. 《The Psychological record》2014,64(1):123-131
The Psychological Record - In recent years, behavior analysts have given an increasing amount of attention to the topic of perspective taking. However, the construct of perspective taking refers to... 相似文献
45.
Caperchione C Lauder W Kolt GS Duncan MJ Mummery WK 《Psychology, health & medicine》2008,13(4):471-482
This study investigated the association between social capital and health related quality of life in a sample of Australian adults. Information was collected from a sample of adults in Queensland, Australia relating to health status, health related quality of life and related social determinants of health by computer-assisted-telephone-interview survey. Significant associations were observed between social capital and physical health when adjusting for selected demographic measures. No significant association was observed between social capital and mental health. The research produced equivocal results regarding the associations between social capital and the selected measures of health-related quality of life. Evidence is presented in support of the association between social capital and physical health status, whereas no associations were observed between mental health status and social capital. The role and relationship between health and social capital remains elusive. More work is required to clearly support social capital's role in physical and mental health and well-being. 相似文献
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Stephen A. Maisto Mark B. Sobell A. Mitch Cooper Linda C. Sobell 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1979,1(4):315-326
The reliability of alcohol abusers' retrospective self-reports was evaluated using a time-line follow-back interview technique. Independent groups of male subjects were interviewed in three different treatment settings (outpatient,n=12; inpatient,n=12; residential,n=12) on two separate occasions to assess the test-retest reliability of their self-reports of daily drinking and related events occurring 1 year prior to treatment. Correlational and scatterplot analyses generally showed a high correlation and low discrepancy between the two sets of interview responses for all groups. However, since some population differences were found in the reliability of reports for some variables, further research is needed to delineate the conditions under which reliable and valid retrospective self-reports can be obtained from different populations of alcohol abusers.This research was supported, in part, by Grant No. AA07072 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to Vanderbilt University. 相似文献