1993至2009年大学生焦虑的变迁:一项横断历史研究

有研究表明,中学生的焦虑水平在逐年上升,那么大学生的焦虑水平是如何随年代变化的呢?大学生的焦虑水平是否存在性别差异呢?为此,我们选取1993至2009年间以Spielberger编制的状态-特质焦虑量表测量大学生状态焦虑的63篇和特质焦虑的66篇研究报告进行横断历史的元分析,以考察大学生状态和特质焦虑水平历年的变化情况和性别差异。结果表明:(1)1993至2009年大学生状态和特质焦虑均值与年代有显著正相关,这说明大学生的焦虑水平在逐年上升;(2)大学生状态焦虑增长速度要快于特质焦虑,而且年代对状态焦虑变异的解释率也高于特质焦虑;(3)在状态和特质焦虑上男女大学生得分都与年代有显著正相关,且在两种焦虑得分上均无显著的性别差异。     

床边教学法在医学伦理学教学中的探索与实践

在医学伦理学的教学实践中引入床边教学法,在激发学习兴趣、促进沟通技能、培养实践能力和提升综合素质等方面具有很大的优越性.积极探索床边教学的方法与效果,注意教学过程中存在的问题,整合优势资源,在整个医学体系中深入医学伦理观念,对于实践教学的未来发展具有重要意义.     

儒家伦理对完善医疗储蓄账户的启示

家庭医疗账户是家庭文化的产物.医疗保健、预防疾病是家庭的责任.通过医疗储蓄账户积累医疗保障基金,解决家庭成员的生老病死问题,这非常切合以家庭和血缘为根本特征的儒家伦理的精髓.同新加坡现行的医保制度相比,我国在医疗储蓄账户的运行中仍存在着一些问题,需要立足于中国国情做进一步的反思与探索.     

药物临床试验伦理审查的跟踪审查程序研究

为了保护受试者的合法权益,药物临床试验的伦理审查必须规范化进行.通过走访哈尔滨医科大学附属医院伦理委员会了解到,伦理审查程序缺乏相对完整性,特别是跟踪审查程序还在完善过程中,没有形成统一具体的操作规程.对此,结合我国实际情况,借鉴国外先进经验,提出构建药物临床试验跟踪审查程序的建议.     

Sub‐Dimensions of the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence: Expanding the Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Intelligence

Cultural intelligence (CQ) – the capability to function effectively in intercultural settings – has gained increasing attention from researchers and practitioners due to its contemporary relevance to globalization, international management, and workforce diversification. Research‐to‐date demonstrates that CQ predicts a variety of important outcomes in intercultural contexts, such as cultural adaptation, expatriate performance, global leadership, intercultural negotiation, and multicultural team processes. Moving beyond past research that tends to focus on the four primary factors of CQ – metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ, motivational CQ, and behavioral CQ, we introduce an expanded conceptualization of CQ that delineates sub‐dimensions for each of the four factors. We briefly review psychometric evidence supporting the proposed second order 11‐factor structure and convergent/discriminant validity of the sub‐dimensions. We propose that the next wave of CQ research should be guided by a deeper understanding of each of four factors of CQ.     

Why employees with higher challenging appraisals style are more affectively engaged at work? The role of challenging stressors: A moderated mediation model

Challenging stressors have been positively linked to various work outcomes. However, the role of individual differences in stress appraisal in shaping the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes has been rarely discussed. Drawing on the individual differences perspective, the authors propose that employees higher in challenge appraisal are more likely to have challenging stressors and are more responsive to such stressors to have a higher positive affect at work. Results obtained from 117 employees supported the hypotheses. The results indicated that challenge appraisal is positively related to challenging stressors. In addition, challenging stressors has a positive association with positive affect at work when challenge appraisal is high but has a null association when challenge appraisal is low. The findings suggest that challenging stressors does not necessarily bring positive work outcomes as suggested in past studies and highlight the importance of considering dispositional tendency in stress appraisal when looking into the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes.     

血清Cys C的检测对肾移植术后患者肾功能评价的临床意义

探讨分析血清胱抑素C(Cys C)水平在肾移植术后患者肾功能监测中的应用价值.对25例肾移植成功患者在术前、术后第1、3、5、7、10天的血清Cys C、Scr、β2-MG、BUN水平进行动态监测,同时随机抽取健康体检者中的20例作为对照组.发现移植组的Cys C、Scr、β2-MG、BUN水平在术前均明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).这四项指标在手术后第一天都有所下降,且术后第1、3、5、7、10天的水平都比术前低(P＜0.01).四项指标与GFR的关系均为显著性负相关(P＜0.01),其中血清Cys C与GFR的相关性最好.Cys C、Scr、β2-MG、BUN检测后的ROC曲线下面积分别是:0.937、0.838、0.798、0.772,其差异都具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清Cys C优于Scr、β2-MG、BUN,在肾移植患者术后的动态监测中具有重要的临床应用价值.     

Psychological and socioeconomic health of community‐dwelling older adults

Different dimensions of health are intertwined. The purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate the psychological and socioeconomic health status of community‐dwelling older adults in Taiwan, and (2) to compare the psychological and socioeconomic health differences among people of different age groups, gender, marital status, and exercise habits. Using stratified random sampling, 384 Taiwanese community‐dwelling older adults were recruited for this survey research. Based on the Health Model of Older Adults, seven constructs were measured: (1) psychological health: sleep quality, emotional health, cognitive functioning, and health promotion behaviors; (2) socioeconomic health: social engagement, social support, and financial status. Results showed that most participants were in a good state of psychological and socioeconomic health, except that 38.02% of them suffered from sleep disruptions, and the majority of them were not involved in any social group, nor engaged in any volunteer work. Young‐old older adults had better psychological and socioeconomic health than middle‐old and old‐old older adults. Male older adults had better psychological health than female older adults; however, they had less social engagement and social support than female older adults. Married older adults and exercisers performed better in most of the psychological and socioeconomic health indicators than single/widowed older adults and non‐exercisers.     

Academic Dishonesty,Self-Control,and General Criminality: A Prospective and Retrospective Study of Academic Dishonesty in a New Zealand University

Academic dishonesty is an insidious problem that besets most tertiary institutions, where considerable resources are expended to prevent and manage students' dishonest actions within academia. Using a mixed retrospective and prospective design this research investigated Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory as a possible explanation for academic dishonesty in 264 university students. The relationship between academic dishonesty and general criminality was also examined. A significant but small to moderate relationship between academic dishonesty and general criminality was present, including correlations with general dishonesty, violent crime and drug offending subcategories. These findings suggested that a general criminological theory may be of use in explaining academic dishonesty, but the overall ability of self-control variables to explain academic dishonesty was not strong. Controlled logistic regressions indicated that a significant positive association with academic dishonesty was only present for one of 6 self-control subscales (self-centeredness), and even this association was only present in the prospective study component. A strong relationship between past and future academic dishonesty was present. Implications of the study for institutions are discussed.     

The Efficacy of a Group Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) for Chinese Parents with a Child Diagnosed with ADHD in Hong Kong: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Study

The present pilot study evaluated the efficacy of the Level 4 Group Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) with Hong Kong Chinese parents who had a child with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a randomised controlled trial design. It was a mixed research method involving quantitative measurement and semi‐structured focus group. Participants were randomly assigned to Triple P (n = 8) or control group (n = 9) and completed measures on child disruptive behaviours, sense of parenting efficacy and satisfaction, family stress and service needs. Outcomes were assessed at pre‐, post‐, and 3‐month follow‐up. A focus group was also conducted with the participants in the intervention group upon the programme completion. Compared with the control group, the intervention group reported a significant reduction in intensity of child behaviour problems and a significant increase in parenting efficacy at post‐intervention. The gain in reducing intensity of child disruptive behaviours maintained to 3 months after the completion of programme. Qualitative data suggested the three key elements to help both parents and children get positive changes: understanding and empathy, emotional control, and persistence in applying positive parenting strategies. The results partially provided preliminary evidence supporting the efficacy of Triple P in reducing child behaviour problems for ADHD in Chinese society.