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381.
Miriam Steele Jordan Bate Adella Nikitiades Bernadette Buhl-Nielsen 《Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy》2015,14(1):16-32
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been conceptualized as a constellation of symptoms related to problems in self-functioning, emotion regulation, and interpersonal relationships. Its etiology has been connected to individuals’ early childhood environment, caregiving relationships, and traumatic life events. Recent literature has noted the potential presence of BPD beginning in adolescence, or even earlier in childhood. Attachment theory offers a lens for understanding the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and identifying potential aspects of treatment that may be specifically valuable for adolescent patients. Adolescence marks a time when the attachment system has increased relevance due to the importance of identity formation, peer relationships, body representations and the development of autonomy at this time, in the face of physical changes and academic challenges. This article will summarize research on attachment, body representations, personality disorders, and features of development in adolescence, in order to enhance clinical understanding of patients who presenting with these types of difficulties. 相似文献
382.
There is a debate as to whether or not gaining a sense of sexual empowerment through being an object of sexual desire results in empowerment. This debate has been largely theoretical, but there are now operationalizations of self-sexualization, enjoying sexualization, and perceiving sex as a source of personal power which allow for the collection of data on this topic. The current study examined whether these constructs were related to attitudinal and behavioral indicators of sexual satisfaction and sexual agency. An online sample of young, heterosexual, sexually active women was recruited. Our constructs of interest were related to some positive sexual outcomes, including sexual esteem and sexual assertiveness. At the same time, these constructs were related to having faked orgasm, and both self-sexualization and the belief that sex can be a source of power were related to greater frequency of having faked an orgasm. Additionally, none of the variables was significantly related to sexual satisfaction or ease of orgasm. Thus, while there may be some positive sexual outcomes associated with these variables, there are other indicators that a sense of empowerment through objectified sexuality may interfere with true sexual subjectivity. 相似文献
383.
384.
Miriam Dittmar Kirsten Abbot‐Smith Elena Lieven Michael Tomasello 《Cognitive Science》2014,38(1):128-151
Many studies show a developmental advantage for transitive sentences with familiar verbs over those with novel verbs. It might be that once familiar verbs become entrenched in particular constructions, they would be more difficult to understand (than would novel verbs) in non‐prototypical constructions. We provide support for this hypothesis investigating German children using a forced‐choice pointing paradigm with reversed agent‐patient roles. We tested active transitive verbs in study 1. The 2‐year olds were better with familiar than novel verbs, while the 2½‐year olds pointed correctly for both. In study 2, we tested passives: 2½‐year olds were significantly below chance for familiar verbs and at chance for novel verbs, supporting the hypothesis that the entrenchment of the familiar verbs in the active transitive voice was interfering with interpreting them in the passive voice construction. The 3½‐year olds were also at chance for novel verbs but above chance with familiar verbs. We interpret this as reflecting a lessening of the verb‐in‐construction entrenchment as the child develops knowledge that particular verbs can occur in a range of constructions. The 4½‐year olds were above chance for both familiar and novel verbs. We discuss our findings in terms of the relative entrenchment of lexical and syntactic information and to interference between them. 相似文献
385.
Aída?OrtegaEmail author Piet?Van den?Bossche Miriam?Sánchez-Manzanares Ramón?Rico Francisco?Gil 《Journal of business and psychology》2014,29(2):311-321
Purpose
Researchers have identified team learning as an important predictor of team performance. In healthcare organizations, it is especially critical for care quality and hospital performance that teams engage in learning behaviors to reduce errors and improve service effectiveness. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of change-oriented leadership in the learning process and outcomes of healthcare teams.Design/Methodology/Approach
The sample comprises a total of 698 healthcare professionals working in 107 teams at different public hospitals throughout Spain. Members of teams were invited to participate voluntarily by completing an anonymous individual questionnaire.Findings
The results show a mediating effect of team learning on the relationship between change-oriented leadership and team performance and psychological safety and team performance.Originality/Value
Our study contributes to the literature by investigating the role of change-oriented leadership in facilitating team learning behaviors. Moreover, this study advances our understanding of the mediators of the relationship between team leadership and outcomes by testing to assess whether specific change-oriented leader behaviors nurture psychological safety, team learning and, therefore, performance.386.
387.
The use of alcohol by women during pregnancy is a continuing problem. In this review the behavioral effects of prenatal alcohol
from animal models are described and related to studies of children and adults with FASD. Studies with monkeys and rodents
show that prenatal alcohol exposure adversely affects neonatal orienting, attention and motor maturity, as well as activity
level, executive function, response inhibition, and sensory processing later in life. The primate moderate dose behavioral
findings fill an important gap between human correlational data and rodent mechanistic research. These animal findings are
directly translatable to human findings. Moreover, primate studies that manipulated prenatal alcohol exposure and prenatal
stress independently show that prenatal stress exacerbates prenatal alcohol-induced behavioral impairments, underscoring the
need to consider stress-induced effects in fetal alcohol research. Studies in rodents and primates show long-term effects
of prenatal and developmental alcohol exposure on dopamine system functioning, which could underpin the behavioral effects. 相似文献
388.
Sexualization of girls and women in America is rampant and has many negative consequences. Women, however, often report enjoying being sexually admired by men. Given this paradox, it is unclear whether such enjoyment represents an authentic empowerment of women's sexuality or is related to traditional feminine norms and sexist beliefs. In Studies 1 and 2, the authors developed and tested the eight-item Enjoyment of Sexualization Scale (ESS). It had good reliability and was differentiated from related constructs including body surveillance, body shame, self-sexualizing behaviors, and appearance-contingent self-esteem. In Study 3, endorsement of traditional gender norms, endorsement of benevolent sexism, and endorsement of hostile sexism were all positively related to the ESS. Moreover, women who both enjoyed sexualization and engaged in self-objectification reported more negative eating attitudes. Overall, there was little support for positive effects of enjoying sexualization. The extent to which enjoying sexualization actually empowers women or contributes to their oppression is discussed. 相似文献
389.
Dr. Miriam Haller 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2011,27(4):359-371
Focusing on the relation between discourse and subject formation, the poststructuralistic reiterations and resignifications within the concept of ambivalence provide important aspects for a contemporary conceptualization of ambivalence, especially within the framework of educational theory (Bildungstheorie). From this point of view the paper explores firstly the notion of ??ambivalence?? in the context of Derrida??s theory and practice of deconstruction and secondly the relation between ??ambivalence?? and ??ambiguity?? considering Derrida??s theory of ??différance?? and Butler??s theory of ??performativity??. Finally the article outlines the meaning of ??ambivalence?? in Butler??s theory of the subjectivation process. 相似文献
390.
The SIAM yes-no task is an efficient bias-free adaptive procedure for estimating absolute thresholds, though it arguably requires further evaluation prior to its adoption into mainstream psychological research. We report two experiments undertaken in the auditory and gustatory modalities designed to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the SIAM method. In the first experiment, estimates of absolute thresholds for 1000-Hz tones obtained using a two-alternative forced choice adaptive procedure were compared to those obtained using both the SIAM yes-no task and a modification of the SIAM task incorporating the method of free response, the SIAM-rapid. In Experiment 2, we compared absolute thresholds for sucrose in solution obtained with either a two-alternative forced choice adaptive procedure or the SIAM yes-no task. Both experiments demonstrated the efficiency and validity of the SIAM approach, with SIAM thresholds proving to be equivalent to those obtained in the two-alternative forced choice tasks and to those reported in the literature. 相似文献