论马克思主义宗教观中国化的基本经验

在推进马克思主义宗教观中国化的历史进程中,党积累了丰富的经验,这就是:马克思主义宗教观中国化要与党在革命、建设和改革各个不同时期社会和宗教实际相结合,要与党的总任务、总路线、总方针和总政策相一致,必须体现时代性;要研究中国宗教的特点,找出其中带规律性的东西,并采取相应的路线、方针、政策和措施,必须把握规律性;要从本国宗教的实际情况出发,在坚持马克思主义宗教观的基础上,在理论、制度、方针和政策上有所创新,必须富于创造性。     

试论明太祖的佛教政策

明太祖对佛教实行既整顿和限制、又保护和提倡的政策。其中,洪武前期侧重于保护和提倡,后期则着力整顿和限制。明太祖佛教政策的产生,不仅有复杂和深刻的社会原因,也与他独特的个人经历、喜好有密切关系。明太祖佛教政策的实施,维护和巩固了明王朝的统治,促进了明初经济恢复和发展以及百姓生活的改善,但也给广大百姓套上更加沉重的封建枷锁;使明初佛教迅速恢复和发展,促进了佛教诸宗的融通,奠定了后日僧寺分立制度,加剧了佛学的衰微。     

按键位置对手机键盘拇指操作绩效的影响

本研究假设对于同样的手机键盘操作任务,手机各按键的位置不同,在操作绩效上存在差异。该研究实验从被试的客观操作绩效(反应时和正确率)和主观满意度评价两方面证实了该假设的成立:在保持被试自然姿势操作手机键盘的情况下,各按键在手机键盘中的位置确实对操作工效有较大影响。     

Perceived relative distance on the ground affected by the selection of depth information

Our visual space does not appear to change when we scan or shift attention between locations. This appearance of stability implies that the depth information selection process is not crucial for constructing visual space. But we present evidence to the contrary. We focused on space perception in the intermediate distance, which depends on the integration of depth information on the ground. We propose a selection hypothesis that states that the integration process is influenced by where the depth information is selected. Specifically, the integration process inaccurately represents the ground when one samples depth information only from the far ground surface, instead of sequentially from the near to the far ground. To test this, observers matched the depth/length of a sagittal bar (test) to the width of a laterally oriented bar (reference) in three conditions in a full-cue environment that compelled the visual system to sample from different parts of the ground. These conditions had the lateral reference bar placed (1) adjacent to the test bar, (2) at the far ground, and (3) at the near ground. We found that the sagittal bar was perceived as shorter in conditions (1) and (2) than in Condition 3. This finding supports the selection hypothesis, since only Condition 3 led to more accurate ground surface integration/representation and less error in relative distance/depth perception. Also, we found that performances in all three conditions were similar in the dark, which has no depth information on the ground, indicating that the results cannot be attributed to asymmetric visual scanning but, rather, to differential information selection.     

大学生人生观研究

本研究选取不同地区5所高等学校665名大学生为研究对象,在问卷调查的基础上对当代大学生人生观现状和特点进行了较为全面的考察.研究结果为:当代大学生人生观总体上积极进取,他们追求自身的完善与发展;当代大学生在人生认知量表的4个维度上的得分有显著的性别、年级差异,没有生源地、文理科和独生子女差异.     

社会比较方向及目标可达性对行为水平的影响

采用“错觉合取效应”实验材料,以正确率和反应时为行为水平的指标,探讨在coaetion的情景下．不同的社会比较方向及比较目标的可达性对个体任务操作水平的影响。结果发现,成绩差异量越大．可达性越低：无论个体进行上行比较还是下行比较,当成绩差异量为20％时,其行为水平显著高于其他成绩差异量时的行为水平。上行比较时,不同的成绩差异量,任务操作的正确率由高到低依次为：20％、30％、10％、40％;下行比较时．不同的成绩差异量,任务操作的正确率由高到低依次为：20％、10％、30％、40％。对个体心理紧张度进行方差分析发现,当个体进行上行比较时,心理紧张度显著高于下行比较。     

生命需要心理学理论与生命教育方法

＂生命需要心理学理论与生命教育方法＂是研究者开展了为期五年的生命发展研究后获得的心理学与教育学的研究成果。五年中,研究者以0～6岁正常学前儿童为对象,对其实行生命发展教育,获取了大量的生命发展事实,证明了：1）人类生命具有人人可遵循的生长发展规律——＂需要＂的生长发展规律;2）＂需要＂的生物性基础的早期建构是＂需要＂生长发展规律的核心内容;3）马斯洛的＂需要层次＂中心理需要的低级阶段——＂安全需要＂之前还存在一个生命的原始需要——以＂新奇、探索、操作＂为对象的＂需要＂,其贯穿在0～6岁的儿童早期生命阶段;4）0～6岁时期,＂儿童需要＂不是恒定的、稳定的、成熟的心理机能,而是处在生长过程中。＂需要＂强度的提升是0～6岁时期以＂需要＂为核心的心理整体建构的鲜为人知的生命法则;5）0～6岁时期＂需要＂的良好建构,使＂需要＂水平达到推动生命走向＂需要＂的最高层次——＂自我实现需要＂的强度;6）＂需要层次＂与生命质量存在着内在关联;7）儿童＂原始需要＂满足的方法为：在儿童＂原始需要＂机能强度与寓含＂新奇、探索、操作＂属性的＂原始需要＂对象即外部刺激之间建立起犹如昆虫与花类般默契的真正联系。     

Unequal Care,Unequal Work: Toward a more Comprehensive Understanding of Gender Inequality in Post-Reform Urban China

Sex Roles - Over the last four decades, as China has transitioned from a socialist centralized economy to a productivity-and-efficiency-oriented market economy, so too have the country’s...     

Attentional resolution

Attention can enhance selectively the visual information processing of particular locations or objects. Recent studies have shown that this enhancement has limited spatial resolution, the smallest regions that can be isolated by attention are much coarser than the smallest details that can be resolved by vision. Multiple similar objects spaced more finely than the limit of attentional resolution cannot be individuated for further processing and can only be perceived as a grouped texture. As a result, at any given time, only part of the spatial and temporal information registered by the early sensory systems is available to conscious perception. It is likely that attentional resolution is limited at a stage beyond V1 and that it has a finer grain in the lower visual field than in the upper field. The spatial aperture of attention is elongated along the radial axis relative to fixation. The briefest temporal window of attention is also much broader than visual temporal resolution. Many perceptual phenomena related to rapid serial visual presentation may reflect the limited temporal resolution of attention.     

中学教师教学风格和工作满意度的研究

本研究以上海市四所中学的153名教师为研究对象,进行了教师教学风格量表和工作满意度量表的施测。研究结果表明：（1）从总体上看,教师的教学风格以激进型、立法型、评判型和整体型四种教学风格为主,这四种教学风格是相对复杂、有创造性、效率较高的教学风格;（2）中学教师对同事关系的满意度最高,对自我实现和学校领导的满意度也较高,而对学生素质的满意度最低,其次为工资福利;（3）随着教龄的增长,教师对工作压力和工资福利的满意度逐渐下降;（4）对工作的满意度越高,教师越可能具有立法型、评判型、激进型和整体型四种教学风格,而教师对工作压力不满则倾向于采取消极、保守的教学风格。