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141.
142.
He Qiao-Ling Deng Ke Wang Xiao-Ping Chen Qing-Hua Wang Tong-Liang Wang Ji-Chao Cui Jian-Guo 《Animal cognition》2023,26(2):515-522
Animal Cognition - Alarm signals and cues are crucial to animal survival and vary greatly across species. Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm signals and cues can provide eavesdroppers with... 相似文献
143.
Wei He Po Hao Xu Huang Li-Rong Long Nathan J. Hiller Shao-Long Li 《Personnel Psychology》2020,73(1):199-225
Drawing on the componential model of creativity (Amabile), we examined how shared leadership and a formally appointed leader's transformational leadership jointly cultivate team creativity in two studies. We conducted an experiment with a sample of 109 undergraduate students (32 teams) enrolled in a business plan competition (Study 1) and a field survey based on multisource, time-lagged data collected from 251 full-time employees working on 64 research and development teams (Study 2). The results from both studies revealed that shared leadership enhanced team members’ individual creative self-efficacy and individual creativity, which in turn improved team creativity. Moreover, the results from Study 2 showed that a formally appointed leader's use of different transformational leadership behaviors had different impacts on individual and team creativity. Individual-focused transformational leadership strengthened the positive effect of shared leadership on team members’ average individual creativity, whereas group-focused transformational leadership facilitated the translation of teams with high average individual creativity into teams with high levels of team creativity. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
144.
荀子"化性起伪"."隆礼重法"的政治思想是建立在他的性恶的人性论基石上的。以礼为本、德法并举、德主刑辅、礼义教化与法律强制相辅相成,是他政治思想的核心内容,也是其对儒家德治思想的创新发展。剔除其封建糟粕,它对我们今天建设和谐小康社会仍可提供有益的启示。 相似文献
145.
在20世纪60年代的法国,拉康一度与列维·斯特劳斯、米歇尔·福柯和罗兰·巴尔特齐名为结构主义冒险四巨头.他对结构主义运动的贡献集中体现在其关于能指及"象征界"的理论上.在其"三界"理论中,"象征界"不仅具有一种优先地位,而且还具有某种至上性与支配性. 相似文献
146.
The present study examined relations among neighborhood structural and social characteristics, parenting practices, peer group affiliations, and delinquency among a group of serious adolescent offenders. The sample of 14-18-year-old boys (N=488) was composed primarily of economically disadvantaged, ethnic-minority youth living in urban communities. The results indicate that weak neighborhood social organization is indirectly related to delinquency through its associations with parenting behavior and peer deviance and that a focus on just 1 of these microsystems can lead to oversimplified models of risk for juvenile offending. The authors also find that community social ties may confer both pro- and antisocial influences to youth, and they advocate for a broad conceptualization of neighborhood social processes as these relate to developmental risk for youth living in disadvantaged communities. 相似文献
147.
Golinkoff RM Chung HL Hirsh-Pasek K Liu J Bertenthal BI Brand R Maguire MJ Hennon E 《Developmental psychology》2002,38(4):604-614
In the first study using point-light displays (lights corresponding to the joints of the human body) to examine children's understanding of verbs, 3-year-olds were tested to see if they could perceive familiar actions that corresponded to motion verbs (e.g., walking). Experiment 1 showed that children could extend familiar motion verbs (e.g., walking and dancing) to videotaped point-light actions shown in the intermodal preferential looking paradigm. Children watched the action that matched the requested verb significantly more than they watched the action that did not match the verb. In Experiment 2, the findings of Experiment 1 were validated by having children spontaneously produce verbs for these actions. The use of point-light displays may illuminate the factors that contribute to verb learning. 相似文献
148.
This article reports on a sample of 147 women under age 35 living in rural areas in China who had attempted suicide and were treated in the emergency room of hospitals in four different locations. The interview instrument took 2 to 3 hours to complete and included audiotaped in-depth interviews with the patient and family members (separately); detailed evaluation of the circumstances surrounding the attempt, life events, and the family environment; and a formal psychiatric evaluation by an attending-level psychiatrist. Overwhelmingly, the method used by the attempters was poisoning with highly lethal pesticides and organic fertilizers. The women's suicidal behavior was characterized by high levels of impulsivity; little effort to seclude themselves before and after ingesting poison; and low rates of mental illness, including depression. Detailed suggestions are made about ways to implement suicide prevention strategies within the particular social and economic context of China. 相似文献
149.
A widely adopted approach in cognitive psychology research is to analyze changes in the response time to a stimulus onset
in order to infer information about the cognitive functioning of a subject being tested. But current techniques have inherent
variations in the timing between stimulus activation and stimulus display of up to tens of milliseconds, thereby introducing
significant errors when response time or the latency of neural responses is measured. This article presents a novel yet easy-to-implement
solution for improving resolution in the synchronizing of stimulus activation and stimulus display. Unlike traditional methods
in which the stimulus onset is set as the time at which the routine for displaying the stimulus is called, this approach uses
DirectX to monitor the scan line of CRTs and sets the stimulus onset to the time at which the scan line arrives at the position
where the stimulus is to be drawn. This approach removes the uncertainty involved in having a time delay between the activation
of the display routine and the actual time at which the display occurs, improving the accuracy of response time and latency
period measurements to within 200 μsec. With a specially developed driver, this solution can generate a trigger signal synchronized
precisely with the stimulus onset in all popular Windows systems (including Windows 2000/XP). 相似文献
150.
文本信息的激活与整合:阅读优生与差生的比较 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
探讨阅读优生与差生文本阅读过程中文本信息的激活与整合模式,包括3个实验。实验一通过运用不一致实验范式(inconsistent paradigm)考察阅读优生与阅读差生能否形成整体连贯性与局部连贯性。结果发现,阅读差生难以形成整体连贯性。实验二运用探测-核证范式(probe-verification paradigm)通过比较在三个位置后(人物特征描述、填充段落、目标句)的探测句的反应时间,探讨阅读差生不能形成整体连贯性的原因是由于不能激活先前的信息,还是整合信息时出现了问题。结果发现阅读差生与优生一样都可以激活先前的信息,说明阅读差生不能形成整体连贯性的原因可能是整合的问题。实验三进一步验证了阅读差生不能形成整体连贯性的原因是由于不能把已经激活的信息很好地加以整合所致。 相似文献