从能量观疾病

能量在机体的各种离子、分子、细胞、器官、组织、系统间协调分布,共同维持着健康状态。某一病因作用于人体后,“协调分布”会被不同程度地打破,当超过一定的阈值,就会产生疾病。对于人体,各种能量的直接表现形式和能量的携带者——各种营养物质,都与疾病之间有着千丝万缕的联系。从“能量”角度,我们既可进一步探讨尚未阐述清楚的疾病发生机制,又可以设计更为完美的治疗方案与医学仪器。     

临终关怀中的心理支持系统的现状与问题

在回顾临终关怀中心理支持系统的历史的基础上,分析了临终关怀中心理学研究的现状,并从中揭示出临终关怀中心理学研究存在的问题.死亡观念、家庭社会系统、文化系统、临终关怀心理支持系统研究的基本维度,死亡观念同医护人员、家属的心理健康的关系在其中处于突出地位.不同文化背景下死亡恐惧的差异是在建立本土化的临终关怀的心理支持系统中值得重视的问题.     

大学新生交流恐惧与自我概念的关系

对555名大学新生进行研究,探讨了大学新生的交流恐惧与自我概念的关系。结果表明:1大学新生的交流恐惧在性别上有显著差异;2自我概念与交流恐惧存在较高的负相关;3个人自我、身体自我、现实自我对大学新生交流恐惧具有显著预测作用。     

小学生数学应用题解题水平影响因素的研究——视空间能力、认知方式及表征方式的影响

研究采用3(年级)×2(场认知方式)×2(视空间能力水平)×3(问题表征方式)四因素混合实验设计,探讨了这四种因素对小学生数学应用题解题水平的影响。结果表明:年级、认知方式、空间能力以及问题表征方式均是影响小学生应用题解决水平的关键因素;问题表征方式、认知方式、空间能力以及年级四个因素对小学生解题水平存在交互作用,其中图形提示有利于场依存性学生解题水平的提高,低空间-场依存型的学生更适合图形提示;高空间-场依存型的学生随年级升高解题能力发展较快,而低空间-场依存型的学生解题水平提高较慢;随着年级的升高,图式表征对小学生问题解决的促进作用增强。     

Do Third-Person Perceptions of Media Influence Contribute to Pluralistic Ignorance on the Norm of Ideal Female Thinness?

This study investigated the pluralistic ignorance on the norm of ideal female thinness and also the presumed influence of thin idealized media images as the cause of the misperception. A survey of 111 female and 109 male US undergraduate students revealed that both women and men overestimated the thinness of body type preferred by others. In addition, men reported that others would be more affected by the media than self while women considered themselves to be as vulnerable as others. Subsequent regression analyses demonstrated that the difference in the perceived media influence on self and others was a significant predictor of the norm of ideal female thinness. Similar misperceptions were also found between men and women in dating relationships.     

Is the psychological refractory period effect for ideomotor compatible tasks eliminated by speed-stress instructions?

It has been argued that the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect is eliminated with two ideomotor compatible tasks when instructions stress fast and simultaneous responding. Three experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis. In all experiments, Task 1 required spatially compatible manual responses (left or right) to the direction of an arrow, and Task 2 required saying the name of the auditory letter A or B. In Experiments 1 and 3, the manual responses were keypresses made with the left and right hands, whereas in Experiment 2 they were left-right toggle-switch movements made with the dominant hand. Instructions that stressed response speed reduced reaction time and increased error rate compared to standard instructions to respond fast and accurately, but did not eliminate the PRP effect on Task 2 reaction time. These results imply that, even when response speed is emphasized, ideomotor compatible tasks do not bypass response selection.     

自我概念在父母专制型教养风格与儿童社会行为之间的中介效应

通过对612名北京市中小学生及其父母的问卷调查,用LISEREL软件对数据进行分析的结果表明,父母专制型教养风格通过直接和间接两条途径,作用于儿童的社会行为发展.在间接途径中,通过儿童自我概念的中介作用,父母专制型教养风格对儿童社会行为产生系列负面效果.在直接途径中,父母专制型作风则直接对儿童的社会行为产生消极后果.     

不同注意提示线索条件下汉字数字加工的SNARC效应

采用Ponser的实验范式.以判断"壹"到"玖"的汉字数字奇偶为任务,探讨不同提示线索时在注意条件与非注意条件下的空间数字反应编码联合效应(SNARC效应).实验结果发现: (1)当有效提示线索为80%时,注意条件下汉字数字出现了SNARC效应,而非注意条件下对汉字数字的加工没有出现SNARC效应; (2)当有效提示线索为50%时,在注意和非注意条件下汉字数字都出现了明显的SNARC效应.结果表明注意水平对SNARC效应产生了影响.     

如何看待腹腔镜阑尾切除术

随着微创技术的发展,腹腔镜阑尾切除术（1aparoscopic appendectomy,LA）正逐渐被广大医务工作者所接受,但现在仍然有很多人认为LA与传统开腹阑尾切除术（open appendectomy,OA）相比没有优势,而且LA价格昂贵,不适合推广。但是作为正在发展完善的新技术,很多证据表明LA与OA相比优势正在逐步增强。     

An effect size index for comparing two independent alpha coefficients

Since Cronbach proposed the α coefficient in 1951, researchers have contributed to the derivation of its sampling distribution and the testing of related statistical hypotheses. Yet, there has been no research on effect size index relevant to coefficient α to our knowledge. Considering the importance of effect size in understanding quantitative research findings, we therefore developed an effect size index Δ for the comparison of two independent αs with equal test length based on the asymptotic distribution of under the assumptions of normality and compound symmetry. Simulations indicated that the index was applicable when the sample size was at least 100. The robustness of the derived index when the required assumptions were violated was also explored. It is suggested that the index should be applicable in most cases of unequal test lengths and could be extended to non‐normally distributed component scores. Moreover, a small simulation was conducted to explore the behaviour of Δ with correlated errors, a frequently studied situation violating the assumption of compound symmetry. The proposed index was found to be robust unless a large number of highly correlated errors were present in the data.