The Relation Between Test Formats and Kindergarteners’ Expressions of Vocabulary Knowledge

This study tested how 53 kindergarteners’ expressions of depth of vocabulary knowledge and use in novel contexts were related to in-context and out-of-context test formats for 16 target words. Applying multilevel, multi-categorical Logit to all 1,696 test item responses, the authors found that kindergarteners were more likely to express deep knowledge on the out-of-context test format and partial or decontextual knowledge on the in-context test format. No significant differences in kindergarteners’ uses of vocabulary in novel contexts were found that were related to test type. These results suggest that educators select test formats for kindergarteners based on their vocabulary learning objectives.     

图书编辑人员胜任力素质测评的初步构建

胜任力素质测评问卷可以将某一职业中卓有成就者和表现一般者区分开采。结合心理学研究方法和人才测评方法,对我国图书编辑人员的胜任力素质做了深入研究。初步研究结果表明我国图书编辑人员胜任力素质可从专业素质、职业精神和人格特质三大方面来考察,这一研究结果将为我国图书编辑人员的人才选拔、评价和培养提供心理学及能力结构方面的科学依据。     

Developing equivalent Chinese and English scale‐point labels for rating scales used in survey research

Rating scales are the most frequently‐used response tool in surveys, and the scale levels are commonly described with words [verbal scale‐point labels (VSPL)]. In this study, Chinese VSPL were identified which employ five‐point scales that are psychometrically equivalent to English VSPL. In several bilingual studies, a total of 61 Chinese and 44 English items addressing intensity, frequency, and agreement rating modalities were tested. For each VSPL, three aspects were measured: position between minimum and maximum, familiarity, and appeal. The correspondence between pertinent Chinese and English words was also assessed. Based on these findings, we recommend specific VSPL that are best‐suited for achieving equivalence between Chinese and English in rating scales.     

认同理论视角下新员工组织社会化的定义及结构维度

组织社会化研究一直以来被批评缺少理论基础, 导致对组织社会化的本质和结构维度缺乏足够认识, 从而影响到在实证中如何测量员工组织社会化的程度。角色认同理论和社会认同理论可以为该研究提供理论基础。在对概念重新进行理论界定的基础上, 揭示了组织社会化本质是新员工角色及社会认同发展的过程。相应地, 组织社会化程度是一个两维度结构。未来研究应以此为基础进一步发展组织社会化量表和理论模型, 并依据认同理论改进实证研究方法。     

论Priest对Sorites悖论的模糊解悖方案

G.Priest在1998-2003年之间有一个对sorites悖论的模糊解悖方案,根据该解悖方案,对含混语言的最佳语意论应该是某种的模糊语意论。在这样的模糊语意论中,边界语句是既真且假的语句,而sorites悖论中所涉及的离断律和等同传递律则不是有效的推论步骤。Priest并试图利用这样的语意论去说明：为什么sorites悖论看起来像是有效的论证,以及为什么切割点的存在尽管必然却违反直觉。我在本文中论证：Priest的模糊解悖方案是一个完全失败的方案,因此最好被放弃。我论证,Priest的模糊解悖方案至少有以下几个主要的问题：它与Priest的真理理论以及双面真理论不兼容、它对于sorites悖论的诊断有特设的嫌疑、它对于sorites悖论为何看起来有效的说明不具有可信度、它对于切割点存在何以违反直觉的说明也不具有可信度、它有将高阶含混性崩塌为一阶含混性之虞。     

解决"以药养医"问题的演化博弈分析

能否妥善解决"以药养医"问题已经成为保持社会的稳定与和谐、促进经济健康发展亟待解决的社会问题之一.以探讨其经济学原因为起点,以政府和医院作为博弈方进行演化博弈分析,推论出政府与医院之间的互动演化关系,并提出完善医疗体制的融资渠道、发挥电子信息技术优势等政策建议.     

航线飞行技术性技能与航线飞行阶段任务的关系研究

通过文献、专家意见和问卷调查,构建了现代航线飞行技术性技能多维评价量表。对118名航线飞行员测评数据的验证性因素分析表明,由倾斜控制、偏航控制、平衡控制和速度控制构成的4维模型在飞行准备/滑行、起飞/爬升、巡航、下降/进近/着陆四个飞行阶段均有较好的信度和效度;多元回归分析发现,各维度对不同航线飞行阶段任务均有显著影响。航线飞行技术性技能评价量表的构建为现代航线飞行员选拔与训练、机组驾驶行为规范性评价以及飞行安全管理考核模式的设计奠定了一个良好的工作基础。     

A New Framework to Understand Social Class in Counseling: The Social Class Worldview Model and Modern Classism Theory

Because social class and classism remain elusive constructs in psychology, this 2‐part article first lays the foundation for the Social Class Worldview Model and then the Modern Classism Theory. A case example is used for illustration. The authors also provide counseling applications and recommendations for future research. Debido a que la clase social y el clasismo continuan siendo unos conceptos evasivos en la psicología, este artículo de 2 partes establece una fundación para el Modelo de Cosmovisión de Clase Social y la Teoría Moderna del Clasismo. Se utiliza un caso de ejemplo para su ilustración. Los autores también proporcionan aplicaciones para la consejería y recomendaciones para investigaciónes futuras.     

An association between mothers’ speech clarity and infants’ speech discrimination skills

The quality of speech directed towards infants may play an important role in infants’ language development. However, few studies have examined the link between the two. We examined the correlation between maternal speech clarity and infant speech perception performance in two groups of Mandarin‐speaking mother–infant pairs. Maternal speech clarity was assessed using the degree of expansion of the vowel space, a measure previously shown to reflect the intelligibility of words and sentences. Speech discrimination in the infants (6–8 and 10–12‐month‐olds) was measured using a head‐turn task. The results show that mothers’ vowel space area is significantly correlated with infants’ speech discrimination performance. Socioeconomic data from both parents show that the result cannot be attributed to parental socioeconomic factors. This study is correlational and therefore a causal relationship cannot be firmly established. However, the results are consistent with the view that maternal speech clarity directly affects infants’ early language learning.     

听觉障碍人群的言语机制

对听觉障碍人群言语机制的研究,提供了独特的视角来探讨人脑内语言专门化系统的组织。该回顾了近年来在该领域内进行的损伤研究及功能性成像研究,着重综述了三个问题：(1)左右半球损伤造成的手语失语症的特点;(2)手语加工过程中左右半球的激活模式;(3)先天聋被试在阅读唇语过程中的脑内激活模式及后部扣带皮层在唇语阅读过程中的可能作用。