海马CA_3区在长时记忆的保持中的作用

本工作将M-胆碱能受体阻断剂东莨菪碱,r-氨基丁酸及其受体阻断剂印防己毒素,经埋植的慢性导管注入家兔双侧海马CA_3区,观察上述药物对已巩固的操作式食物性条件反应的影响。发现东莨菪碱(每侧45微克/5微升)、r-氨基丁酸(每侧3毫克/5微升)均使条件反应抑制;若注r-氨基丁酸之前先加注印防己毒素,则抑制时间缩短,且剂量愈大时间更为缩短。抑制期间动物的摄食和运动功能正常,抑制后条件反应皆恢复;注生理盐水作自身对照则均无抑制效应。这表明海马CA_3区在长时记忆的保持上起着重要作用,且此种作用有胆碱能突触和GABA能突触参与。     

Cultural and emotional components of loneliness and depression

The relation between loneliness and depression and the distinction between emotional and social loneliness were examined by administering the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, the Belcher Extended Loneliness Scale (BELS), the Beck Depression Inventory, and self-report questions about social and emotional loneliness to the following four groups: foreign (Chinese-descent) students in American universities, Chinese students in Taiwanese universities, American students in American universities, and depressed American clients. Depressed clients reported not only more depression but also more overall loneliness than did any of the other groups; they also were more likely to report emotional loneliness or both emotional and social loneliness than were the other three groups. Foreign students, in contrast, reported more social loneliness than did Taiwanese students. Results substantiate the view that loneliness is not a unitary concept and suggest that the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the BELS emphasize emotional rather than social loneliness and that emotional loneliness is a greater component of depression than is social loneliness.     

前额叶切除对于猕猴分辨反转的影响

一、在5只正常猕猴上进行了圆锥体与圆柱体的分辨反转学习训练。对反转后即刻分辨、反转学习速度和长时记忆作了观察。结果表明,随着反复训练,反转后即刻分辨正确率逐步有所提高,反转学习速度也可进一步加快。此外,猴对反转后即刻分辨的长时记忆也是相当巩固的。 二、两侧前额叶背侧面皮层切除后,分辨反转受到影响。这主要表现在反转后即刻分辨的正确率显著下降,动物出现“顽固性”错误。一侧手术后影响不大。     

Effects of prior contect on lexical access during sentence comprehension: A replication and reinterpretation

In a phoneme monitoring task, prior biasing context eliminates the effect of lexical ambiguity, replicating and extending the results of Swinney and Hakes (1976). It is argued, however, that the conclusions drawn by Swinney and Hakes are not justified by the data and that a different model of the effects of context on lexical processing is more theoretically plausible than theirs.     

暂时句法歧义句认知加工初探

研究通过两个实验探讨了汉语句子理解中的直接宾语（DO）／句子补语（SC）类暂时句法歧义句的认知加工特征。实验一采用自定速移动视窗技术,发现歧义句和无歧义句解歧区的阅读时间存在显著差异。实验二增加了论题适合性因素以探讨非句法信息在句子理解加工中的影响,发现论题适合性信息影响歧义区和解歧区的阅读时间。实验结果表明：在汉语句子加工中存在DO／SC暂时句法歧义效应;论题适合性信息即时参与对句子的加工,并对句法歧义效应产生影响。     

Syllabic tone articulation influences the identification and use of words during Chinese sentence reading: Evidence from ERP and eye movement recordings

In two experiments, we examined the contribution of articulation-specific features to visual word recognition during the reading of Chinese. In spoken Standard Chinese, a syllable with a full tone can be tone-neutralized through sound weakening and pitch contour change, and there are two types of two-character compound words with respect to their articulation variation. One type requires articulation of a full tone for each constituent character, and the other requires a full- and a neutral-tone articulation for the first and second characters, respectively. Words of these two types with identical first characters were selected and embedded in sentences. Native speakers of Standard Chinese were recruited to read the sentences. In Experiment 1, the individual words of a sentence were presented serially at a fixed pace while event-related potentials were recorded. This resulted in less-negative N100 and anterior N250 amplitudes and in more-negative N400 amplitudes when targets contained a neutral tone. Complete sentences were visible in Experiment 2, and eye movements were recorded while participants read. Analyses of oculomotor activity revealed shorter viewing durations and fewer refixations on—and fewer regressive saccades to—target words when their second syllable was articulated with a neutral rather than a full tone. Together, the results indicate that readers represent articulation-specific word properties, that these representations are routinely activated early during the silent reading of Chinese sentences, and that the representations are also used during later stages of word processing.     

影响感觉寻求人格特质的生物遗传因素

综述了感觉寻求人格特质的生物遗传机制的相关研究。主要从3个方面对该问题进行了探讨：（1）单胺类物质与感觉寻求人格特质的关系;（2）激素对感觉寻求人格特质的影响;（3）感觉寻求人格特质的生物遗传性     

初中生感知教师自主支持对学业倦怠的影响：基本心理需要、自主动机的中介作用

以自我决定理论为基础,使用修订的学习氛围量表、基本心理需要量表、学业调节问卷和学业倦怠问卷对613名初中生进行施测,探讨了初中生感知的教师自主支持、基本心理需要、自我决定动机和学业倦怠之间的关系。研究发现：（1）学生感知的教师自主支持与基本心理需要满足、自主动机呈显著正相关,基本心理需要满足、自主动机与学业倦怠水平呈显著负相关;（2）基本心理需要、自主动机可以单独作为中介变量在学生感知教师自主支持与学业倦怠之间起中介作用,基本心理需要-自主动机也可以形成中介链在学生感知教师自主支持与学业倦怠之间起中介作用。     

The filial piety complex: variations on the Oedipus theme in Chinese literature and culture

The Oedipus complex is central to Western tradition, but not to Chinese culture. Occurrence of oedipal themes in Chinese literature is almost negligible. This phenomenon seems to support a contra-Freud claim: that a theory of European origin, the Oedipus complex, is not universal to human experience in non-Western cultures. However, this article suggests that powerful moral repression may cause the Oedipus complex to undergo structural transformations in some cultures. Through studying a sample of Chinese literary and film representations, the author argues that the Oedipus complex in Chinese culture has been transformed into a filial piety complex. Some conceptual issues are considered from a cross-cultural perspective.