启动实验中收集基线反应时的必要性问题

启动实验的有效条件之一是,控制组和实验组的目标词在基线反应时上相同,但在实际操作中,不少研究没有收集基线反应时,只是确保了两组目标词在频率上相同.本研究实验结果显示:对于母语而言,如果词频很高,相同频率的词得到相同反应时的机率很大;相反,机率就比较低;对于外语而言,这种机率相对更低.实验说明,相同词频的词不一定能得到相同的反应时,因此收集基线反应时是启动实验不可或缺的步骤.     

概念图对学生成绩和态度影响的元分析

这个元分析评论了学生利用概念图进行学习的实验研究.首先按照元分析的标准选择文章,从涉及3623名被试的26项研究中抽取27个独立效果量.不同年级水平的学生应用概念图学习科学、心理学和统计学等课程的内容.后测评估了知识的唤起和迁移.在不同的教学条件、教学情境和方法中,应用概念图策略都使得学生的成绩增加、学生对学习的态度变得更加积极肯定、降低了学生对学习的焦虑.平均效果量依据概念图的使用方法和对照组的特点而改变,不同的研究存在显著的异质.     

玉门吾艾斯拱北的历史解读

吾艾斯于唐初来华传教和病逝于路途的事迹为我国穆斯林世代传颂的佳话,其事迹传说具有一定可信度,至少有历史的影子在里面.在中国西北广大穆斯林中,对玉门吾艾斯及其拱北有着极大的认同感;但今天重要的不在于这种"历史记忆"完全真实,而在于长期以来其民族和群体成员集体赋予它的象征意义和文化内涵;在于其民族溯源和群体认同中的特殊功能.作为历史文化遗产,玉门惠回堡拱北应该受到学术界和社会各界的进一步关注.     

对《大乘起信论》修行方式的初步思考

通过考察认为《大乘起信论》“性觉”修行观体现了中国佛教最根本的修证方式和教化方式,是中国佛教修证和教化的出发点与不可违背的根本前提。中国大乘佛教这种“自性自度”的修证和教化方式,深刻影响并促成了中国传统文化中儒释道三大教化系统对待互补格局的形成和发展。     

周围神经嵌压症诊治过程中的临床思维

运用自然辩证法培养良好的临床思维,指导周围神经嵌压症的诊治过程,有助于获得最佳诊治效果。诊断过程中需全面了解理论知识,学会科学观察,兼顾整体与局部的关系,通过合理分析与综合,可以做出确切诊断。治疗过程中需对有关医师的技术进行评价,采用控制论及系统论方法指导治疗,才能恢复周围神经的结构与功能。     

AQAL模型及其心理学方法论意义

AQAL是美国著名心理学家肯.威尔伯(Ken Wilber)提出的整合研究模型。主张心理学应当拓展研究视野,涵盖主观性、客观性、主体间性、客体间性。认为该模型对解决目前心理学的分裂问题,促进各心理学分支的和谐共生,具有重要的方法论意义。分别讨论了AQAL模型的内涵、提出过程与评价及其心理学方法论意义。     

A Cross‐Cultural Study of Anxiety Among Chinese and Caucasian American University Students

This study investigated the cross‐cultural differences on state, trait, and social anxiety between Chinese and Caucasian American university students. Chinese students reported higher levels of social anxiety than did Caucasian american students. Correlations between trait and state anxiety were compared in light of the trait model of cross‐cultural psychology. Implications for multicultural counseling are discussed. Este estudio investigó las diferencias interculturales en cuanto a estado, rasgo y ansiedad social entre alumnos universitarios Chinos y Americanos caucásicos. Los alumnos Chinos comunicaron niveles más altos de ansiedad social que los alumnos Americanos Caucásicos. Se compararon las correlaciones entre rasgo y estado de ansiedad a la luz del modelo de rasgo de la psicología intercultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para la consejería multicultural.     

Relationships Among Religiousness,Spirituality, and Health for Individuals with Stroke

The current study evaluated the relationships among spiritual beliefs, religious practices, physical health, and mental health for individuals with stroke. A cross-sectional analysis of 63 individuals evaluated in outpatient settings, including 32 individuals with stroke and 31 healthy controls was conducted through administration of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) and the Medical Outcomes Scale-Short Form 36 (SF-36). For individuals with stroke, the SF-36 General Mental Health scale was significantly correlated with only the BMMRS Religious and Spiritual Coping scale (r = .43; p < .05). No other BMMRS factors were significantly correlated with SF-36 mental or physical health scales. Non-significant trends indicated spiritual factors were primarily related to mental versus physical health. This study suggests spiritual belief that a higher power will assist in coping with illness/disability is associated with better mental health following stroke, but neither religious nor spiritual factors are associated with physical health outcomes. The results are consistent with research that suggests that spiritual beliefs may protect individuals with stroke from experiencing emotional distress.     

以唯物史观全面理解"以人为本"

人的问题是改革开放30年来马克思主义哲学研究中的重要问题.近年来,以人为本的科学发展观提出来之后,如何理解"以人为本"成为哲学界的一个热门话题,也出现了不少分歧和争论.有的学者与西方人本主义思想做比较,有的学者同中国古代的民本观做对照,有的学者结合现代管理学中的以人为本观念进行阐释,更多的人认为中国共产党人在当今条件下提出以人为本,尽管也是吸取以往的思想资源和合理因素的结果,但从根本上说,它是共产党为人民服务的宗旨在新形势下的发展和崭新表述,所以只能是以人民为本而不是以作为个体的人为本.也有学者提出,应该把作为"政治理论"的以人为本与作为"学术"的以人为本进行区分,前者就是以人民为本,后者则有着更丰富的内涵.     

Women's eye contact and men's later interest: two field experiments

Previous studies indicated various nonverbal behaviors including eye contact of women are associated with men's approach; however, duration of the eye contact was not tested. In Exp. 1, a female confederate established eye-contact of 3 sec. or 1 sec. with a man when entering a bar. Duration of returned glance was the dependent variable. Analysis showed mean duration of the return glance was statistically shorter in the 1-sec. condition. In Exp. 2, the confederate made eye contact with a man and looked at him less than 1 sec., 2 sec., or 4 sec. The presence versus absence of smile was the dependent variable. Longer duration of eye contact was associated with an increase of smiling.