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41.
Bettina Hannover Carolyn C. Morf Janine Neuhaus Melanie Rau Christine Wolfgramm Lysann Zander‐Musić 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(1):175-189
Immigrants' sense of self can be derived both from being members of their ethnic in‐group and their country of residence. We examined how the ways in which immigrant adolescents integrate these self‐views in relation to academic success in German schools. Students describe themselves at school and when with family. Using a standardized literacy performance test, analyses revealed that immigrants whose school‐related self‐view did not include Germany were less successful: Students who described their self as including both aspects of their ethnic group and Germany, and students who saw themselves predominantly as German, outperformed students with purely ethnic school‐related selves. As expected, though, an ethnic family‐related self‐view did not have a negative impact on scholastic achievements. 相似文献
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The importance of multidisciplinary audit in child and adolescent psychiatry, including the work of child psychotherapists, is discussed. Research is highlighted which shows that certain groups of children in particular benefit from psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The problems related to auditing psychoanalytic psychotherapy are discussed, and a possible method of audit based on peer review of notes, which takes into account both inner and outer change, is presented. A patient is discussed whose notes have been audited using the audit form. It is suggested that this form of audit has good educational potential as well as ensuring a high standard of patient care. 相似文献
44.
Corissa L. Callahan MS 《Child & family behavior therapy》2013,35(2):125-138
Two common methods of measuring socioeconomic status (SES) were examined in relation to observed parenting behaviors in a clinical sample of 89 mothers of 3- to 6-year-olds referred for treatment of oppositional defiant disorder. Families were 74% Caucasian, 9% African American, 5% Hispanic, 1% Asian, and 11% Biracial. Most children were male (75%). Parenting behaviors were measured with the Dyadic Parent–Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) categories of prosocial talk and negative talk. Analyses were conducted with SES measured in two ways: (a) the Hollingshead Four-Factor Index of Social Status (HI) was correlated with parenting behaviors; and (b) family income, parent education (5 categories), and parent occupation (5 categories) were used to predict parent behavior. SES was significantly positively related to maternal prosocial talk. When SES was operationalized as income, occupation, and education, the model predicted three times more variance in maternal prosocial talk than the HI alone. SES was not related to maternal negative talk by either measure of SES. 相似文献
45.
Sabine Stoltz Peter Prinzie Amaranta De Haan Monique van Londen Bram Orobio De Castro Maja Deković 《欧洲人格杂志》2013,27(3):271-279
Studying moderators of intervention effects is essential to elucidate what works for whom. The present study investigated whether child personality moderates short‐term and follow‐up effects of an individualised preventive school‐based intervention for children with externalising behaviour. The sample consisted of 48 schools, with 264 fourth‐grade children displaying externalising behaviour (Mage = 10.2 years), randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 191) or no intervention control (n = 73) condition. Teachers and children reported at pretest, posttest and follow‐up test about reactive and proactive aggression. Child personality was assessed by teachers at pretest. Child conscientiousness moderated short‐term intervention effects, indicating that more organised and planful children benefited more from the intervention. Child extraversion moderated both short‐term and follow‐up intervention effects, with low extraverted children showing larger effects. These results affirm the importance of including personality as moderator of intervention effects in future studies, as interventions adapted to specific child traits might yield larger effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
46.
Berislav Marušić 《Synthese》2013,190(12):1977-1999
If we hold that perceiving is sufficient for knowing, we can raise a powerful objection to dreaming skepticism: Skeptics assume the implausible KK-principle, because they hold that if we don’t know whether we are dreaming or perceiving p, we don’t know whether p. The rejection of the KK-principle thus suggests an anti-skeptical strategy: We can sacrifice some of our self-knowledge—our second-order knowledge—and thereby save our knowledge of the external world. I call this strategy the Self-Knowledge Gambit. I argue that the Self-Knowledge Gambit is not satisfactory, because the dreaming skeptic can avail herself of a normative counterpart to the KK-principle: When we lack second-order knowledge, we should suspend our first-order beliefs and thereby give up any first-order knowledge we might have had. The skeptical challenge is essentially a normative challenge, and one can raise it even if one rejects the KK-Principle. 相似文献
47.
Abstract The exact solution of the q-state Potts bridge model with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions is obtained and corresponding regular and critical behaviour studied. 相似文献
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Theoretically, viewers of a movie strive to construct coherent mental models to understand the local events as they occur, and to link these situation mental models coherently to understand the movie as a whole. This article reports the results of two experiments on the impact of subtitles on the local and global coherence of mental models of a movie. In both experiments, the extent to which attention and memory resources available for generating local and global mental models was manipulated by having half of the participants watch the movie in English (standard condition) while the other half watched in French with English subtitles (subtitled condition). Experiment 1 examined patterns of inferences generated during movie watching. Results showed that participants in the standard condition made more elaborative inferences than those in the subtitled condition, indicating a higher level of global coherence. In contrast, results also showed that participants in the subtitled condition made more bridging inferences than those in the standard condition, indicating a higher level of local coherence. In Experiment 2, participants sorted movie events according to perceived similarity of events, and the data were submitted to a Pathfinder analysis. The resulting collective network of events for the standard and subtitled conditions corroborated the results of Experiment 1. We argue that the tradeoff between local and global coherence should be addressed in current theories of narrative comprehension. 相似文献
50.
Nenad Jakšić Ena Ivezić Nataša Jokić-Begić Zsuzsanna Surányi Stanislava Stojanović-Špehar 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2013,20(3):311-322
The aim of this study was to examine the factorial and diagnostic validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) in Croatian primary health care. Data were collected using a medical outpatient sample (N = 314). Reliability measured by internal consistency proved to be high. While the Velicer MAP Test showed that extraction of only one factor is satisfactory, confirmatory factor analysis indicated the best fit for a 3-factor structure model consisting of cognitive, affective and somatic dimensions. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis demonstrated the BDI-II to have a satisfactory diagnostic validity in differentiating between healthy and depressed individuals in this setting. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were high with an optimal cut-off score of 15/16. The implications of these findings are discussed regarding the use of the BDI-II as a screening instrument in primary health care settings. 相似文献