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941.
On the Respective Roles of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide in Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Min Zhuo Jarmo T. Laitinen Xiao-Ching Li Robert D. Hawkins 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》1998,5(6):467-480
Perfusion of hippocampal slices with an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase-blocked induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) produced by a one-train tetanus and significantly reduced LTP by a two-train tetanus, but only slightly reduced LTP by a four-train tetanus. Inhibitors of heme oxygenase, the synthetic enzyme for carbon monoxide (CO), significantly reduced LTP by either a two-train or four-train tetanus. These results suggest that NO and CO are both involved in LTP but may play somewhat different roles. One possibility is that NO serves a phasic, signaling role, whereas CO provides tonic, background stimulation. Another possibility is that NO and CO are phasically activated under somewhat different circumstances, perhaps involving different receptors and second messengers. Because NO is known to be activated by stimulation of NMDA receptors during tetanus, we investigated the possibility that CO might be activated by stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Consistent with this idea, long-lasting potentiation by the mGluR agonist tACPD was blocked by inhibitors of heme oxygenase but not NO synthase. Potentiation by tACPD was also blocked by inhibitors of soluble guanylyl cyclase (a target of both NO and CO) or cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and guanylyl cyclase was activated by tACPD in hippocampal slices. However, biochemical assays indicate that whereas heme oxygenase is constitutively active in hippocampus, it does not appear to be stimulated by either tetanus or tACPD. These results are most consistent with the possibility that constitutive (tonic) rather than stimulated (phasic) heme oxygenase activity is necessary for potentiation by tetanus or tACPD, and suggest that mGluR activation stimulates guanylyl cyclase phasically through some other pathway. 相似文献
942.
Ken Cheng 《Learning and motivation》1998,29(4):435-443
A set of experiments tested whether honeybees can remember two different landmark constellations within the same room, or whether the two constellations are mixed together in a single composite memory. Bees were trained to find a reward location with two different landmark arrays. For example, when the blue landmark was north of the yellow one, the reward was to the east; when the yellow landmark was north of the blue one, the reward was to the west. On occasional unrewarded tests, either one of the training arrays was presented (control tests), or else a training array rotated by 90° (rotated tests). A rotated array consisted of part of one training array added to a part of the other training array. Should honeybees form a single composite memory by combining the two training arrays, they should search as much at the target location on rotated tests as on control tests. Results refute this and suggest that they had two separate memories. 相似文献
943.
Yu-Wen Chen Arlene Rubin Stiffman Li-Chen Cheng Peter Dore 《Journal of child and family studies》1997,6(1):9-25
We examined individual mental health problems (depression, conduct disorder, and substance abuse) and social environment (family, peer, and neighborhood) factors associated with the sexual risk behaviors of male and female adolescents. Interviews with 778 adolescents, aged 14 to 18, showed that both mental health problems and social environment were related to adolescents' involvement in sexual risk behaviors. Conduct disorder symptoms, substance abuse or dependence symptoms, and the interaction between peer misbehavior and neighborhood problems were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors. Peer misbehavior was a particularly strong factor related to sexual risk behaviors for youths who lived in neighborhoods with multiple problems. The only gender differences were found in age, with older males more likely to report engaging in high risk sexual behaviors. This study suggests the utility of multidimensional intervention strategies to deal with various adolescent problem behaviors, including risky sexual behaviors, within the context of their social environment. 相似文献
944.
In response to the dearth of attempts to examine functions of perceived social support on depression in Chinese adolescents, a prospective study was conducted to examine the relationship among stressful life events, perceived social support, and depression. The present results provided support for the buffering model, indicating that the function of perceived social support in mitigating subsequent depression was prominent only under high stress levels. These results were discussed in terms of the socialized role of Chinese adolescents, as well as the function of esteem enhancement of perceived social support in alleviating depression. Reciprocal relationships between initial depression levels and subsequent levels of social support were also discussed. Possible counseling and prevention programs for Chinese adolescents are proposed. 相似文献
945.
Francis J. McGarry D. Min 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(2):159-168
The nature of the spiritual journey inevitably leads us to examine our fears, doubts, and conflicts, in life and in our spiritual
communities. Psychology and a true spiritual theology acknowledge an unconscious part of ourselves that is the reservoir for
suppressed fears, pain, and anger. Unless these conflicted emotions and related experiences or imaginings are sought out and
examined, an authentic spiritual search is denied. The result will be a superficial cognitive belief-system, predicated exclusively
on shoulds, oughts, and constant accommodation. To make free, intelligent, mature decisions in our search, we need always
to ascertain what we want that will bring fulfillment and spiritual and emotional freedom. This can only be done if we truly
own the repressed, hidden, negative memories and behavior that often become self-destructive unconscious determinants. The
psychological reality is that unless we look at the shadow part of ourselves, the part that is repressed, denied, hidden and
which we often find discomforting, it will surface eventually in a more unhealthy, destructive fashion. 相似文献
946.
Abigail B. Sivan Ph.D. George A. Fitchett D. Min Laurel A. Burton Th. D. 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(1):11-19
Earlier research suggested that persons in a community with significant psychiatric disorders seek relief from their clergy
as often as from trained mental-health professionals. In this research, contacts with clergy about current hospitalization
by matched samples of inpatient psychiatric (N=51) and medical/surgical (N=50) patients were compared, as were responses to
structured interviews about the importance of religion, religious affiliation, and participation, spiritual needs, and spiritual
well-being. The findings suggest that the two groups were similar in demographics, the degree to which religion was a source
of strength and comfort in their lives, and percentages reporting as having a clergy person; the group of hospitalized psychiatric
patients was significantly less likely, however, than the sample of medical/surgical patients to have discussed their current
hospitalization with their clergy persons. Possible causes for this difference as well as areas of further research are discussed. 相似文献
947.
948.
949.
Dr. George Fitchett D.Min. 《Pastoral Psychology》1976,25(2):138-144
The story of the sinful woman who annoints Jesus with her perfume and tears at Simon the Pharisee's table (Luke 7:36–50) is used as a model for pastoral work in a long-term care setting. Intervention in the depersonalization of institutionalization is seen as an important aspect in such ministries. The focus of intervention is allowing residents to move out of the receiving role into the giving role. A case example of a patient-led Bible class is presented. The difficulties that professional givers encounter in shifting to become recipients are noted. 相似文献
950.
Dr. William B. Presnell D.Min. 《Pastoral Psychology》1977,25(4):272-281
From a questionnaire study of 56 clergy couples and concurrent in-depth interviews with ten selected couples, findings and conclusions are reported. The difficulties confronting the pastor and his wife are discussed and suggestions offered to remedy them. Ministers' marriages are currently undergoing some stress due to social changes in our culture and to changes in the concept of ministry. Some promising new developments suggest that the necessary readjustments can be made over time.He also serves as Director and Staff Counselor of the Tenafly Pastoral Counseling Center and as Clinical Associate and Supervisor of Student Pastors at Drew Theological Seminary. 相似文献