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91.
Elon Gersh Mikael Leiman Carol Hulbert Louise McCutcheon Emma Burke Harri Valkonen 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2018,31(4):477-496
Objective: This study examined alliance rupture and repair processes in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and how the content of sessions interacts with the quality of the alliance. Design: A mixed methods single case study design was employed incorporating quantitative and qualitative measures of process and outcome. Methods: This case study examined a 22-year-old female with BPD who received 16 sessions of Cognitive Analytic Therapy. Measures of alliance, symptoms and global functioning were taken across multiple time-points. Selected sessions were analysed using dialogical sequence analysis (DSA), a theory-driven method of psychotherapy research that analyses utterances according to their author, addressee and referential object. Results: Quantitative data indicated symptom reduction without functional improvement. DSA demonstrated that the first exchanges in therapy were reflective of key relational themes. The case suggests that, rather than simply negotiating tasks and goals, repairing ruptures involves systematically linking the manifest topic to the client’s core problems. Conclusions: This case study points to the mediating role that the content of sessions has on alliance quality. Results underline the importance of the therapist stance, the need for a shared formulation to make sense of relational processes and the use of responsively timed interventions to decrease desperation and improve self-reflection. 相似文献
92.
Stormark KM Heiervang E Heimann M Lundervold A Gillberg C 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(3):411-419
The impact of nonresponse on estimates of mental health problems was examined in a prospective teacher screen in a community
survey of 9,155 7–9 year olds. For 6,611 of the children, parents consented to participation in the actual study (Responders),
while for 2,544 children parental consent was not obtained (Nonresponders). The teacher screen involved assessment of a broad
set of symptoms of mental health problems and functional impairment. Calculations of non-response coefficients, a function
of effect sizes and non-response proportion, revealed only ignorable nonresponse bias for both mean scores and correlations.
However, the results from binary logistic regressions revealed that children ascribed signs of mental health problems by their
teachers were less likely to participate. This was most frequent among children with only moderate symptoms. However, it also
involved children with high symptom scores related to inattention, hyperactivity, emotions and peer relationship problems.
These findings suggest that measures based on effect size can underestimate the magnitude of non-response bias and that a
logistic regression approach may be more appropriate for studies geared at estimating prevalence of mental health problems
in children.
The study was financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council, The Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs,
Western Norwegian Regional Health Authority, the L. Meltzer legacy for the University of Bergen, and the City of Bergen. 相似文献
93.
Pre-experimental familiarity can have paradoxical effects on episodic memory. Knowledge of the stimulus domain usually enhances memory, but word frequency—a presumed correlate of prior experience—is negatively related to recognition accuracy. The present study examined episodic recognition of names and its relation to two measures of pre-experimental knowledge, name frequency, and fame. Frequency was operationalised as the number of hits in a national telephone directory, and fame as hits on national mass media websites. Recognition accuracy was increased by fame, but diminished by frequency. Four experiments confirmed the findings, using yes/no recognition, ROC curves, and remember-know paradigms. Hit rates were consistently more strongly influenced by fame than by frequency, whereas the reverse was true for false alarm rates. These dissociations suggest that two different forms of semantic memory, specific and nonspecific knowledge, interact with episodic memory in separate ways. 相似文献
94.
Finnilä-Tuohimaa K Santtila P Sainio M Niemi P Sandnabba K 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2005,46(1):1-10
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether clinicians investigating child sexual abuse (CSA) rely more on scientific knowledge or on clinical experience when evaluating their own expertise. Another goal was to check what kind of pre-trial beliefs the clinicians had. The connections between these different factors were investigated. A questionnaire covering items concerning demographic data, experience, knowledge about CSA, self-evaluated expertise and beliefs about CSA was given to 126 social workers, 60 child psychiatrists and 134 psychologists. The results showed that the clinicians relied more on their clinical experience than on scientific knowledge when evaluating their expertise as investigators of CSA. Furthermore, social workers possessed stronger attitudes in favor of children than the other groups, while child psychiatrists had more negative attitudes towards the criminal justice system. Male participants had less strong beliefs than did the female participants. The findings indicate that the education of CSA investigators should focus more on theoretical knowledge and decision-making processes as well as the role of pre-trial beliefs. 相似文献
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97.
Mikael Enckell M.D. 《Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review》2013,36(2):149-163
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100.
Mikael Leidenhag 《Zygon》2013,48(4):966-983
In this article, I call into question the relevance of emergence theories as presently used by thinkers in the science–religion discussion. Specifically, I discuss theories of emergence that have been used by both religious naturalists and proponents of panentheism. I argue for the following conclusions: (1) If we take the background theory to be metaphysical realism, then there seems to be no positive connection between the reality of emergent properties and the validity of providing reality with a religious interpretation, though one could perhaps construe an argument for the positive ontological status of emergence as a negative case for a religious worldview. (2) To be considered more plausible, religious naturalism should interpret religious discourse from the perspective of pragmatic realism. (3) Panentheistic models of divine causality are unable to avoid ontological dualism. (4) It is not obvious that emergent phenomena and/or properties are nonreducible in the ontological sense of the terms; indeed, the tension between weak and strong emergence makes it difficult for the emergentist to make ontological judgments. My general conclusion is that the concept of emergence has little metaphysical significance in the dialogue between science and theology. 相似文献