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271.
Providing help and desired relationship type as determinants of changes in moods and self-evaluations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Observed in 2 initial studies was converging evidence that helping improves the helpers' moods and self-evaluations. In these studies Ss induced to help showed improved moods and self-evaluations relative to Ss not given an opportunity to help. A 3rd study examined the moderating effects of desired relationship type on reactions to having helped. In this study Ss were led to desire either a communal or an exchange relationship with another. They then helped the other or were not allowed to help. Among Ss led to desire a communal relationship, but not among those led to desire an exchange relationship, helping was associated with greater improvements in moods than not helping. Helping tended to improve self-evaluations regardless of desired relationship type. However, this effect reached statistical significance only among subjects led to desire a communal relationship. 相似文献
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273.
The authors draw on Kipnis' experiences in the clinical presentation of ethical problems arising in a newborn intensive care unit to analyze substantive criteria for decisions to stop life prolonging treatment and to determine the limits of parental authority to decide for nontreatment. They identify three decisions--treatment obligatory, treatment discretionary, and nontreatment obligatory--and apply the criteria of patient burdens and capability for a subjectively valuable life to each. Kipnis and Williamson consider parental authority to be a custodial role which should be assumed by others if the parents are unable or unwilling to secure for the child a subjectively valuable life. 相似文献
274.
E. G. Williamson 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1966,44(6):617-623
The contemporary literature of counseling psychology gives some evidence of the abandonment of the “neutrality” of permissiveness concerning the outcomes of counseling in favor of the search for the “good” life of full humanity. But now, we are faced with the most complex query as to the nature of the “good.” And we open Pandora's box to face not one single criterion of the good life, but a diversity of options available, hopefully, for “rational” choice by each adolescent. Without assuming that each student does cognitively choose from the array of options, the reader is led to identify and appraise eight of the many alternative hierarchies or complexes of value systems that, in the past, human beings have forged and adopted as the source and rationale of their daily behavior. 相似文献
275.
Elderly outpatients were assessed to clarify relations between symptoms of depression and physical illness, disability, pain, and selected psychosocial variables. Three types of assessments were made: (a) medical evaluations by physicians, (b) self-reported symptoms of depression and physical health, and (c) demographic and psychosocial data relating to participants' life circumstances. Both objective (physician-rated illness symptoms) and subjective (self-reported health, activity restriction, and use of pain medications) indicators of health accounted for independent variance in symptoms of depression. After controlling for these factors, additional variance was explained by health-related concerns (e.g., health care expenses, service needs), social support, and "other worries" (e.g., feeling useless, becoming a burden to others). 相似文献
276.
§I schematizes the evidence for an understanding of 'know' and of other terms of epistemic appraisal that embodies contextualism or subject-sensitive invariantism, and distinguishes between those two approaches. §II argues that although the cases for contextualism and sensitive invariantism rely on a principle of charity in the interpretation of epistemic claims, neither approach satisfies charity fully, since both attribute meta-linguistic errors to speakers. §III provides an equally charitable anti-sceptical insensitive invariantist explanation of much of the same evidence as the result of psychological bias caused by salience effects. §IV suggests that the explanation appears to have implausible consequences about practical reasoning, but also that applications of contextualism or sensitive invariantism to the problem of scepticism have such consequences. §V argues that the inevitable difference between appropriateness and knowledge of appropriateness in practical reasoning, closely related to the difference between knowledge and knowledge of knowledge, explains the apparent implausibility. 相似文献
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John M. Laux Paula J. Dupuy Jeffry L. Moe Jane A. Cox Eric Lambert Lois A. Ventura Celia Williamson Barbaranne J. Benjamin 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2008,29(1):36-48
The authors assessed the substance abuse counseling needs of women in the criminal justice system using interviews (n = 304) and surveys (n = 1,170). On the basis of the results, the authors call for gender‐specific treatment as well as family‐oriented support for women who are mothers. 相似文献
280.
Mick Cooper 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2007,37(1):11-16
The essence of the humanistic and existential approaches to psychotherapy is a commitment to conceptualizing, and engaging
with people in a deeply valuing and respectful way. Hence, within these approaches, there is an emphasis on viewing clients’
behaviors as meaningful and freely chosen; and there is also a belief that clients have the capacity to become aware of the
reasons for their thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Phenomenological exploration is thus a central element of many existential
and humanistic psychotherapies, and this requires psychotherapists to put to one side their therapeutic techniques and interpretative
assumptions and to listen to clients in an in-depth, non-analytical way. From an existential and humanistic standpoint, however,
this valuing of human beings also extends to the psychotherapist's own humanity. Hence, within these approaches, there is
an emphasis on the psychotherapists themselves being genuine in the psychotherapeutic encounter, and being willing to meet
their clients at a level of “relational depth.” Existential and humanistic practices may not be appropriate for all clients
and all psychotherapists, but it is concluded that the principles underlying these approaches are of universal relevance to
the practice of psychotherapy.
相似文献
Mick CooperEmail: |