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181.
182.
To better understand the antecedents of support provision within relationships, this study examined the potential role of a novel individual difference; spouses' stress mindset (i.e., beliefs about whether stress‐is‐enhancing or stress‐is‐debilitating). As individuals with a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset often underestimate other's stress, we hypothesized that those with a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset will generally provide less and worse support compared to individuals with a stress‐is‐debilitating mindset. The results revealed few significant associations and the associations that were significant were contrary to predictions. For example, wives with a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset provided more support, and husbands who perceived their partner as having a more stress‐is‐enhancing mindset provided better support. Further research is needed to replicate these results and determine whether stress mindset has interpersonal consequences. 相似文献
183.
G. Gordon Williamson Shirley Zeitlin Margery Szczepanski 《Infant mental health journal》1989,10(1):1-13
This article discusses the coping process and examines issues concerning the influence of a handicapping condition on the development of coping competence in young children. A preliminary study is reported that investigated the differences between the coping behavior of 25 developmentally disabled and 25 nondisabled children who were 4 to 34 months of age. The Early Coping Inventory was used to assess three categories of behavior related to adaptive coping efforts (sensorimotor organization, reactive behavior, and self-initiated behavior). Results indicated that the nondisabled children, as a group, demonstrated more effective coping-related behavior than did their disabled peers. The disabled children were situationally effective, in that behavior used effectively in one type of situation was not generalized to other types of situations. Their coping behavior tended to be erratic, inflexible, or limited in the range of available management strategies. The greatest discrepancy between the two groups was in their self-initiated behavior. The findings suggest the need for intervention services to address the enhancement of coping behavior of infants and toddlers with disabilities. 相似文献
184.
The Effect of Exercise on Body Satisfaction and Self-Esteem as a Function of Gender and Age 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The study investigated the relationship between amount of exercise and psychological well-being in a broadly based sample. A questionnaire assessing amount of exercise, reasons for exercise, body satisfaction, and self-esteem was completed by 252 participants between the ages of 16 and 60 years. Almost all participants (>95%) were White. Participants were divided into four groups on the basis of gender and age, resulting in 70 young women, 48 young men, 73 mature women, and 61 mature men. Significant negative relationships between amount of exercise and body satisfaction and self-esteem were found for young women, and positive relationships for the remainder of the sample. Women exercised more for reasons of weight control, tone, and mood enhancement than men. For the whole sample, the first two of these reasons were associated with lower body satisfaction, while exercising for health and fitness reasons was associated with increased self-esteem. It was concluded that reasons for exercising did not provide an adequate explanation for the obtained difference in correlations across gender and age. 相似文献
185.
Timothy Williamson 《亚里斯多德学会增刊》2003,77(1):249-293
The paper asks under what conditions deductive reasoning transmits justification from its premises to its conclusion. It argues that both standard externalist and standard internalist accounts of this phenomenon fail. The nature of this failure is taken to indicate the way forward: basic forms of deductive reasoning must justify by being instances of 'blind but blameless' reasoning. Finally, the paper explores the suggestion that an inferentialist account of the logical constants can help explain how such reasoning is possible. 相似文献
186.
Michelle Tuckey Neil Brewer Paul Williamson 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2002,75(2):195-216
This study examined the relationships between feedback seeking, goal orientation, performance and four motives which, though generally considered to underlie the feedback seeking process, have not previously been measured comprehensively. Both the likelihood and the number of instances of feedback seeking were measured in two samples (employees and students) in association with perceived or selfassessed above- and below-average performance. Self-assessed performance was a major predictor of feedback seeking; also influential were goal orientation and the goal orientation-performance interaction. Increased feedback seeking was associated with the desire for useful information motive, and reduced feedback seeking with the ego defence and defensive impression management motives. The desire for useful information motive mediated the influence of performance-prove goal orientation for employees, and that of a learning goal orientation for students. 相似文献
187.
Mick Power Ruth Campbell Ian Gordon 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1990,42(3):635-639
Horowitz, M. J. (Ed.) (1988). Psychodynamics and cognition. Chicago: University of Chicago press. Pp. 389. ISBN 0226-35368-0. £ 21.95
Ellis A. W. & Young, A. W. (1988). Human cognitive neuropsychology. Hove: Lawrencve erlbaum Associates Ltd. Pp. 358. ISBN 0-86377-033-9, £ 21.95 9 (hardback), 0-86377-034-7, £ 11.95 (paperback).
Humphreys, G. W., & Bruce, V.(1989). Visual cognition: Computational, experimental and neuropsychological perspectives. Hove & London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd. Pp. 330. ISBN 0-86277-124-6, £ 19.95 (hardback), 0-86377-125-4, £ 9.95 (paperback) 相似文献
Ellis A. W. & Young, A. W. (1988). Human cognitive neuropsychology. Hove: Lawrencve erlbaum Associates Ltd. Pp. 358. ISBN 0-86377-033-9, £ 21.95 9 (hardback), 0-86377-034-7, £ 11.95 (paperback).
Humphreys, G. W., & Bruce, V.(1989). Visual cognition: Computational, experimental and neuropsychological perspectives. Hove & London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd. Pp. 330. ISBN 0-86277-124-6, £ 19.95 (hardback), 0-86377-125-4, £ 9.95 (paperback) 相似文献
188.
Mick Cooper 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2010,10(3):183-191
Aims: The purpose of this commentary is to argue that the value of counselling and psychotherapy research lies, not only in what it teaches us as therapists, but also in its ability to challenge us and our assumptions. Method: The paper identifies eight beliefs that may be prevalent in sections of the counselling and psychotherapy community, and presents evidence that challenges them. Findings: While many of our beliefs may hold true for some clients some of the time, the research evidence suggests that they are unlikely to be true for all clients all of the time. Discussion: By questioning and challenging therapists' a priori assumptions, research findings can help counsellors and psychotherapists to be less set in their beliefs; and more open to the unique experiences, characteristics and wants of each individual client. 相似文献
189.
Carin Killips Mick Cooper Elizabeth S. Freire Susan McGinnis 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2012,12(2):93-99
Background: Recent years have seen a growth in the provision of counselling within UK secondary schools, and research indicates that it is associated with significant reductions in psychological distress. However, little is known about the moderators and mediators of positive therapeutic benefit. In the field of adult mental health, motivation has been found to be one of the strongest predictors of therapeutic outcomes, and it was hypothesised that this may also be a predictor of outcomes for young people in school‐based counselling services. Aims: To assess the relationship between young people's motivation for counselling and its effectiveness within a secondary school setting. Sample: Eighty‐one young people (12–17 years old) who attended school‐based humanistic counselling services in Scotland. Method: Clients completed a measure of motivation for counselling at the commencement of their therapeutic work and a measure of psychological wellbeing at the commencement and termination of counselling. Results: Motivation for counselling was not found to be significantly related to outcomes. Discussion: The results indicate that the association between motivation and outcomes may be weaker in young people as compared with adults. However, a number of design factors may also account for the non‐significant findings: insufficient participants, marginal reliability of the motivation measure and social desirability effects. 相似文献
190.