排序方式: 共有43条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Mohsen Joshanloo Dan Weijers Ding-Yu Jiang Gyuseog Han Jaechang Bae Joyce S. Pang Lok Sang Ho Maria Cristina Ferreira Melikşah Demir Muhammad Rizwan Imran Ahmed Khilji Mustapha Achoui Ryosuke Asano Tasuku Igarashi Saori Tsukamoto Sanne M. A. Lamers Yücel Turan Suresh Sundaram Victoria Wai Lan Yeung Wai-Ching Poon Zarina Kh. Lepshokova Tatiana Panyusheva Amerkhanova Natalia 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2015,16(5):1185-1210
The belief that happiness is fragile—that it is fleeting and may easily turn into less favourable states—is common across individuals and cultures. However, not much is known about this belief domain and its structure and correlates. In the present study, we use multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel modelling to investigate the measurement invariance, cross-level isomorphism, predictive validity, and nomological network of the fragility of happiness scale across 15 nations. The results show that this scale has good statistical properties at both individual and cultural levels, and is associated with relevant psycho-social concepts in expected directions. The importance of the results, limitations, and potential directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Abstract Stress-strain hysteresis in alumina with microcracks has been investigated by a loading–unloading test in the microstrain range around 10 ?4 While there remains a permanent strain after the initial loading, steady-state cyclic loading results in a single closed hysteresis loop with a symmetrical shape. Such a stabilized hysteresis loop is responsible for internal friction and can be attributed to the microplasticity associated with a forerunning phenomenon of fracture. 相似文献
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Random presentation of a tone and an electric shock to rats interfered with subsequent acquisition of a light–shock association. This interference, or “general learned irrelevance” phenomenon, however, could be prevented by prior learning of a positive relationship between the tone and the shock or that between a noise and the shock. These results strongly support the ideas that animals learn irrelevant stimulus relationships and that prior experience of stimulus relevance prevents learning irrelevance. The similarity of this observed prevention effect to an immunization effect on learned helplessness phenomena is discussed. 相似文献
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Memory suppression can help people “unlearn” behavioral responses—but only for nonemotional memories
Michiko Sakaki Christof Kuhbandner Mara Mather Reinhard Pekrun 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2014,21(1):136-141
When encountering reminders of memories that we prefer not to think about, we often try to exclude those memories from awareness. Past studies have revealed that such suppression attempts can reduce the subsequent recollection of unwanted memories. In the present study, we examined whether the inhibitory effects extend even to associated behavioral responses. Participants learned cue–target pairs for emotional and nonemotional targets and were additionally trained in behavioral responses for each cue. Afterward, they were shown the cues and instructed either to think or to avoid thinking about the targets without performing any behaviors. In a final test phase, behavioral performance was tested for all of the cues. When the targets were neutral, participants’ attempts to avoid retrieval reduced accuracy and increased reaction times in generating behavioral responses associated with cues. By contrast, behavioral performance was not affected by suppression attempts when the targets were emotional. These results indicate that controlling unwanted recollection is powerful enough to inhibit associated behavioral responses—but only for nonemotional memories. 相似文献
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Haruto Takagishi Shinya Kameshima Joanna Schug Michiko Koizumi Toshio Yamagishi 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2010,105(1-2):130-137
The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of theory of mind in fairness-related behavior in preschoolers and to introduce a tool for examining fairness-related behavior in children. A total of 68 preschoolers played the Ultimatum Game in a face-to-face setting. Acquisition of theory of mind was defined as the understanding of false beliefs using the Sally-Anne task. The results showed that preschoolers who had acquired theory of mind proposed higher mean offers than children who had not acquired theory of mind. These findings imply that the ability to infer the mental states of others plays an important role in fairness-related behavior. 相似文献
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In the present study, we examined whether and how brief viewing of positive and negative images influences subsequent understanding
of solutions to insight problems. For each trial, participants were first presented with an insight problem and then briefly
viewed a task-irrelevant positive, negative, or neutral image (660 ms), which was followed by the solution to the problem.
In our behavioral study (Study 1), participants were faster to report that they understood the solutions following positive
images, and were slower to report it following negative images. A subsequent fMRI study (Study 2) revealed enhanced activity
in the angular gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) while viewing solutions following positive, as compared with negative,
images. In addition, greater activation of the angular gyrus was associated with more rapid understanding of the solutions.
These results suggest that brief viewing of positive images enhances activity in the angular gyrus and MPFC, which results
in facilitation of understanding solutions to insight problems. 相似文献