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861.
This article accentuates the human experiences at the heart of social justice work in counseling. The history, counselor attributes, skills, costs, pitfalls, rewards, and ethical issues associated with advocacy counseling are highlighted. This article concludes with a discussion of the personal moral imperatives that inspire social activism and the challenge of discovering a personal advocacy style. 相似文献
862.
Michael J. Zvolensky Michelle Heffner Georg H. Eifert Adam P. Spira Matthew T. Feldner Richard A. Brown 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2001,23(2):75-83
This study evaluated whether a diminished perception of control over environmental and interoceptive events differentially predicted interpretive biases for threat for ambiguous scenarios. The sample had 95 participants without a history of psychopathology. Results indicated that the internal dimension of the Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ; R. M. Rapee, M. G. Craske, T. A. Brown, & D. H. Barlow, 1996) was predictive of interpretive biases for internal scenarios above and beyond demographic variables, subclinical panic attack history, and state anxiety; the external control subscale of the ACQ also was predictive of internal rank-ordered responses. The ACQ external dimension was predictive of interpretive responses for external scenarios beyond the effects accounted for by the other predictor variables, including perceived control for internal events. These findings provide initial correlational evidence consistent with cognitive–behavioral accounts of panic disorder that posit a perceived lack of control over aversive events may exacerbate an interpretive bias for threat. 相似文献
863.
The knew-it-all-along (KIA) effect occurs when individuals report that they previously knew something that they learned only
recently. People often err when reporting the level of knowledge they had prior to feedback, but there is no research exploring
the subjective experience of this effect. We incorporated a remember/just know/ guess judgment into a traditional (Experiment
1A: rating scale) and a modified-traditional (Experiment 1B: two-alternative forced choice) KIA procedure. Experiments 2A,
2B, and 3 were similar in format to Experiments 1A and 1B, but the trivia stimuli were replaced with word puzzles, which were
expected to be better suited to inducing a feeling of having known it all along, because answers to trivia questions typically
seem arbitrary, whereas word puzzles often give rise to ah-ha experiences. A KIA effect was observed in all the experiments,
but an accompanying subjectivefeeling of having known it all along arose only with word puzzles. 相似文献
864.
The present paper explored the relation of wealth and support for self-determination to national subjective well-being (SWB).
Support for self-determination was considered from both a political and cultural values standpoint. The results confirmed
associations between wealth, support for self-determination, and well-being in a large sample of countries. Importantly, political
and cultural value supports for self-determination remained significantly associated with national well-being (as measured
by happiness reports and life expectancy) even after controlling for national differences in wealth.
相似文献
Michelle DownieEmail: |
865.
Inattention/hyperactivity is a childhood outcome of low birth weight. However, the mechanisms by which low birth weight leads
to inattention/hyperactivity are unclear. This study examined arousal, activation, motor speed, and motor coordination as
possible mechanisms, attending to sex differences. 823 children (400 males) from Detroit and surrounding suburbs were assessed
with the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher Report Form and completed experimental tasks to assess vigilance and activation
(Continuous Performance Test signal detection parameters) and motor output speed and control (Grooved Pegboard) at 6 years
of age. The relationship between birth weight and inattention/hyperactivity was slightly, but not significantly, stronger
for boys than for girls. Arousal, motor speed, and motor coordination significantly partially mediated the relationship between
birth weight and inattention/hyperactivity for boys and girls. Moderated mediation was found for the pathway between motor
coordination and inattention/hyperactivity such that this relationship was stronger for boys than for girls. Sex differences
in the associated features of attention symptoms may reflect partially distinct etiological pathways. 相似文献
866.
Michelle L. Segar Jacquelynne S. Eccles Stephen C. Peck Caroline R. Richardson 《Sex roles》2007,57(11-12):837-849
A better understanding of midlife women’s exercise goals could offer insight into the psychosocial facilitators and barriers to their participation. A random sample of US working women (40–60 years) was taken, and resulted in 262 participants. Cluster analysis identified participants’ most important physical activity goal. A five goal cluster solution was identified: (1) sense of well-being; (2) weight loss; (3) health benefits; (4) stress reduction; and (5) weight maintenance/toning. The goal cluster solution was validated and suggested relevant sociocultural influences and potential effects on behavioral regulation (p?<?.05). Data showed that weight- and health-related goals have sociocultural influences and are associated with more extrinsic and less intrinsic behavioral regulation compared to stress reduction and sense of well-being goals. 相似文献
867.
Decades of research suggest that similarity in demographics, values, activities, and attitudes predicts higher marital satisfaction. The present study examined the relationship between similarity in Big Five personality factors and initial levels and 12-year trajectories of marital satisfaction in long-term couples, who were in their 40s and 60s at the beginning of the study. Across the entire sample, greater overall personality similarity predicted more negative slopes in marital satisfaction trajectories. In addition, spousal similarity on Conscientiousness and Extraversion more strongly predicted negative marital satisfaction outcomes among the midlife sample than among the older sample. Results are discussed in terms of the different life tasks faced by young, midlife, and older adults, and the implications of these tasks for the "ingredients" of marital satisfaction. 相似文献
868.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether Learning Sobriety Together, a treatment for substance abuse that combines behavioral couples therapy and individual counseling, had comparable secondary benefits on the internalizing and externalizing behaviors of adolescent versus preadolescent siblings living in homes with their alcoholic fathers (N = 131) and their non-substance-abusing mothers. During a 17-month assessment period, the association between parents' functioning (i.e., fathers' drinking as determined by percentage of days abstinent and parents' dyadic adjustment) and children's adjustment (as rated by mothers, fathers, and children's teachers) was stronger for preadolescents than for their adolescent siblings, particularly in terms of children's externalizing behaviors. Interventions that reduce paternal drinking and improve couple functioning may serve as an important preventative intervention for preadolescents in these homes, whereas adolescents may need more intensive interventions to address internalizing and externalizing symptoms. 相似文献
869.
Although recent research demonstrates that intrusive memories represent an overlapping cognitive feature of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is still a general paucity of research investigating the prevalence and maintenance of intrusive memories in depression. The current study investigated the association between a range of cognitive avoidant mechanisms that characterize PTSD samples (i.e., suppression, rumination, emotional detachment, and an observer vantage perspective) and intrusive memories of negative autobiographical events in relation to dysphoria. Hypotheses were based on the proposition that employment of these cognitive mechanisms would hinder the emotional processing of the negative event, thus contributing to the maintenance of intrusions. Results supported an association between negative intrusive memories, dysphoria, and avoidant mechanisms. Significant differences were also found between field and observer memories and measures of emotional detachment and rumination. Implications relating to intrusive memory maintenance and treatment approaches are discussed. 相似文献
870.
Recent commentaries have proposed conceptualizations of rumination in terms of both cognitive and behavioral avoidance. This study examined the relationship between rumination, avoidance and depression using a newly developed self-report measure of avoidance in depression, the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS) [Ottenbreit, N.D., & Dobson, K.S. (2004). Avoidance and depression: The construction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 293-313]. A non-clinical sample (N=104) of undergraduate students completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, rumination and avoidance. Rumination, avoidance and depression were all significantly correlated. Rumination and behavioral avoidance remained intercorrelated when anxiety was controlled, confirming an association that is independent of anxiety. By contrast, the relationship between cognitive avoidance and rumination disappeared when anxiety was partialled out. Notably, avoidance predicted unique variance in depression scores, over and above anxiety and rumination. Consistent with the proposal of Ottenbreit and Dobson [Avoidance and depression: The construction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 293-313], our findings support the value of clinicians and psychopathologists giving consideration to avoidance in their conceptualization of depression. 相似文献