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221.
Michele Klevens Ritterman 《Family process》1977,16(1):29-48
This review proposes a method for classifying theories of family therapy in terms of the ideal categories from which they derive. Establishing the relationship between a family-system theory and a more general world view facilitates the identification of unique aspects of theory and lays the groundwork for a theoretically consistent integration of therapy and research. 相似文献
222.
Kimberly Burkhart Michele Knox Kimberly Hunter 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2018,48(3):155-163
Anxiety and depression are often comorbid with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). There is empirical support to suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for comorbid anxiety disorders in youth with ASD. Modifications to CBT for youths with ASD have been made with emphasis on exposure being a critical component. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of CBT on symptoms of depression in youths with ASD. Modifications to CBT will be outlined in this review, as will implementation suggestions for the clinician practicing CBT with ASD youth. Limitations of the studies investigating this intervention include small sample sizes, clinician- and parent-report of symptom change but not consistent self-identified change, limited validated tools for assessing change, and lack of long-term follow-up. 相似文献
223.
224.
Scott N. Siegel 《Journal of Modern Jewish Studies》2018,17(4):416-433
Why are European Jews migrating to Israel in significant numbers? Israeli leaders and popular press reports suggest that incidents of antisemitism have reached such high levels across Europe, even in fully democratic countries, that Jews are leaving once again to escape persecution and violence. Others suggest that Jews are migrating for the same reasons other migrants do: for greater economic opportunity. Until now, we have had no way of weighing the relative merit of these claims, hampered by the absence of reliable comparative data on antisemitism in Europe. Leveraging a new dataset compiled by the author, this study tests these competing hypotheses and finds that European Jews migrate because of greater economic opportunity in Israel. While concerns about antisemitism in Europe are at record highs and more Jews are considering moving to Israel than ever before in the post-war era, so far most Jewish migration is to take advantage of better economic opportunities in Israel. 相似文献
225.
Haoyun Zhang Anna Eppes Anne Beatty-Martínez Christian Navarro-Torres Michele T. Diaz 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2018,18(5):964-981
Language production and cognitive control are complex processes that involve distinct yet interacting brain networks. However, the extent to which these processes interact and their neural bases have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we investigated the neural and behavioral bases of language production and cognitive control via a phonological go/no-go picture-naming task. Naming difficulty and cognitive control demands (i.e., conflict monitoring and response inhibition) were manipulated by varying the proportion of naming trials (go trials) and inhibition trials (no-go trials) across task runs. The results demonstrated that as task demands increased, participants’ behavioral performance declined (i.e., longer reaction times on naming trials, more commission errors on inhibition trials) whereas brain activation generally increased. Increased activation was found not only within the language network but also in domain-general control regions. Additionally, right superior and inferior frontal and left supramarginal gyri were sensitive to increased task difficulty during both language production and response inhibition. We also found both positive and negative brain–behavior correlations. Most notably, increased activation in sensorimotor regions, such as precentral and postcentral gyri, was associated with better behavioral performance, in both successful picture naming and successful inhibition. Moreover, comparing the strength of correlations across conditions indicated that the brain–behavior correlations in sensorimotor regions that were associated with improved performance became stronger as task demands increased. Overall, our results suggest that cognitive control demands affect language production, and that successfully coping with increases in task difficulty relies on both language-specific and domain-general cognitive control regions. 相似文献
226.
Jaser SS Champion JE Dharamsi KR Riesing MM Compas BE 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):353-360
The adolescent children of depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression, but little is known about protective factors
for these children. Maintenance of positive affect in a stressful context may be an important marker of resilience. Mothers
with (n = 34) and without (n = 38) a history of depression and their adolescent children completed questionnaires regarding adolescents’ coping and depressive
symptoms and engaged in a 15 min videotaped interaction about family stress. Adolescents’ observed behaviors were coded using
the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. No significant differences emerged in observed behavior between adolescents of
mothers with and without a history of depression. Higher levels of primary and secondary control coping and lower levels of
disengagement coping were related to higher levels of observed positive mood and fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Observed positive mood was related to fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents, even after accounting for maternal history
of depression and current maternal depressive symptoms. Results suggest the importance of considering positive affect in the
context of family stress as a marker of resilience in adolescents at risk for depression. The current study provides evidence
for coping as a protective factor, related to higher levels of positive affect and fewer depressive symptoms, in adolescents
exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. 相似文献
227.
The IIFF model of organ donation holds that the simultaneous presence of four factors directly influence donor registration: (1) immediate and complete registration opportunity (ICRO), (2) information, (3) focused engagement, and (4) favorable activation. Two field experiments examined the impact of an ICRO on organ donation registration. In Study 1, participants were at town halls where they knew organ donation was to be discussed. Registration cards were distributed and then collected at the end of the session in half of the town halls. For the other half, participants were asked to mail in completed cards. In three US cities, participants given an ICRO registered at a significantly greater rate (z?=?4.865, p?0.05). Study 2, targeting Hispanics at a swap meet, differed in that the registration impact of awareness of the availability of an ICRO was investigated. Participants made aware of an ICRO registered at a significantly greater rate (z?=?4.1, p?=?0.000). 相似文献
228.
We recorded the pupil diameters of participants performing the words’ color-naming Stroop task (i.e., naming the color of
a word that names a color). Non-color words were used as baseline to firmly establish the effects of semantic relatedness
induced by color word distractors. We replicated the classic Stroop effects of color congruency and color incongruency with
pupillary diameter recordings: relative to non-color words, pupil diameters increased for color distractors that differed
from color responses, while they reduced for color distractors that were identical to color responses. Analyses of the time
courses of pupil responses revealed further differences between color-congruent and color-incongruent distractors, with the
latter inducing a steep increase of pupil size and the former a relatively lower increase. Consistent with previous findings
that have demonstrated that pupil size increases as task demands rise, the present results indicate that pupillometry is a
robust measure of Stroop interference, and it represents a valuable addition to the cognitive scientist’s toolbox. 相似文献
229.
The regulation of emotions is essential in everyday life. In this paper, we discuss the regulation of positive emotional experiences.
Our discussion focuses on strategies aimed at maintaining and increasing experiences of positive emotions. We discuss the
importance of these strategies for well-being, and suggest that cultivating positive emotions may be particularly useful for
building resilience to stressful events. Then, we explore possible mechanisms that link positive emotions to coping for resilient
people, with a focus on the automatic activation of positive emotions while coping. We conclude by discussing alternative
models and proposing future directions in the work on positive emotion regulation and resilience. 相似文献
230.
Only recently has the mental health community recognized the applicability of diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents, including a consideration of specific age-related features. This paper provides a current review of the literature on PTSD pertaining to children and adolescents. Following a discussion of issues on diagnostic criteria and assessment of this affective disorder in this population, there is an overview of the existing literature on prevalence, comorbidity, risk factors, parental and family factors, and issues of gender and age of onset. The remainder of the paper focuses on the range of traumatic stressors in children and adolescents that can result in PTSD, including natural or human disasters, war and violence, chronic or life-threatening medical conditions, community violence and the witnessing of traumatic events, and physical and/or sexual abuse and other forms of interpersonal violence. Throughout the paper, there is an emphasis on the importance of considering developmental factors. Finally, implications of the existing literature for future areas of research are addressed. 相似文献