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221.
We theorize that political values express basic personal values in the domain of politics. We test a set of hypotheses that specify how the motivational structure of basic values constrains and gives coherence to core political values. We also test the hypothesis that core political values mediate relations of basic personal values to voting demonstrated in previous research. We measured the basic personal values, core political values, and vote of Italian adults both before (n = 1699) and after (n = 1030) the 2006 national election. Basic values explained substantial variance in each of eight political values (22% to 53%) and predicted voting significantly. Correlations and an MDS projection of relations among basic values and political values supported the hypothesized coherent structuring of core political values by basic values. Core political values fully mediated relations of basic values to voting, supporting a basic values—political values—voting causal hierarchy. 相似文献
222.
Yoshihisa Kashima Emiko Kashima Chi‐Yue Chiu Thomas Farsides Michele Gelfand Ying‐Yi Hong Uichol Kim Fritz Strack Lioba Werth Masaki Yuki Vincent Yzerbyt 《European journal of social psychology》2005,35(2):147-169
Are human individuals universally seen to be more real entities (or more entitative, to use Campbell's, 1958, term) than social groups? Although the individual may be seen to be more entitative than social groups in the West, it is unclear whether this is the case in other cultures, especially in East Asia. Two aspects of perceived entitativity are distinguished: psychological essentialism (belief in the presence of essence‐like unchangeable properties) and agency (perception that a social entity is an agent), and examined for four social targets (individual, family, friendship group, and society) in three English‐speaking cultures (Australia, UK, and USA), three East Asian cultures (Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea), and two continental European cultures (Belgium and Germany). In all cultures, the individual person was seen to possess essence‐like unchangeable characteristics more than social groups (i.e. essentialized). As for agency, the individual person was seen to be more agentic than groups in Western cultures, but both individuals and groups were conferred an equal level of agency in East Asia. Individuals may be universally more essentialized than friendship groups and societies, but not always seen to be more agentic, than social groups. Implications of the results for conceptions of individualism and collectivism are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
223.
Esther Bang M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall Tamara L. Anderson Michele M. Willingham 《Sex roles》2005,53(3-4):231-237
The present study was designed to examine ethnicity, acculturation, and religiosity as predictors of European American and
Korean American evangelical female college students' role expectations. Fifty-seven European American and 37 Korean American
single women, who ranged in age from 17 to 24 years, completed a demographic questionnaire, a role expectation measure, three
religiosity measures, and an acculturation measure. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between fundamentalism
and role-sharing expectations for European American women and a significant positive correlation between level of acculturation
and role-sharing expectations for Korean American women. The results suggest that fundamentalism is a stronger predictor of
role expectations than religious commitment in European American women and that acculturation is a more accurate predictor
of role expectations than generation in the United States among Korean American women. 相似文献
224.
Six caregivers participated in a research study in which behavioral skills training (BST) was used within a pyramidal training model to train a differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior (DRA) procedure. Physical prompting was utilized to obtain correct responses across the identified alternative behavior. The caregivers were split into two tiers, comprised of three caregivers each. The experimenter trained tier‐one caregivers, who then trained tier‐two caregivers after meeting a predetermined mastery criterion. A multiple baseline design across participants research design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of correct implementation of the DRA procedure, demonstrating experimental control across participants. During baseline, caregivers did not implement DRA correctly. Following training, tier‐one and tier‐two caregivers demonstrated correct implementation of the DRA and prompting procedure. Intervention score was (M = 96%), from a baseline score of (M = 34.6%), for tier‐one participants. Intervention score was (M = 96.6%), from a baseline score of (M = 33%), for tier‐two participants. A follow‐up maintenance probe demonstrated correct implementation of the DRA procedure with prompting across both tiers of trained caregivers. 相似文献
225.
Elizabeth H. Marks Rosemary S.W. Walker Heidi Ojalehto Michele A. Bedard-Gilligan Lori A. Zoellner 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2019,26(1):201-213
Exposure-based treatments known to be effective for a wide range of psychopathology are thought to work via inhibitory learning, where new learning acquired during exposure exercises inhibits previously learned fear and avoidance responses. One way in which this inhibitory learning may be enhanced is through affect labeling, during which clients verbalize their internal emotional experiences. Theoretically, affect labeling may be a subtle, implicit form of emotion regulation and may facilitate more explicit forms of extinction learning. Experimental research suggests that affect labeling may lead to attenuated fear responses to emotionally evocative stimuli in healthy samples and may be a helpful strategy in reducing physiological arousal experienced during exposure tasks, particularly for clients with inhibitory deficits. Research with clinical samples is limited and mixed, at best. Case examples illustrate how affective labeling may help get a client “unstuck” from unproductive processing loops, can contribute to shifts in perspective and meaning making, and may modulate distress and promote distress tolerance. We argue that routine use of affect labeling in clinical care is premature. When used, it should be employed strategically within a broader case conceptualization and may be of a limited benefit beyond what is already employed in quality exposure therapy. 相似文献
226.
Economic stress greatly increases the likelihood of mental health issues occurring within a family. Although this is widely
known within the mental health profession, there is a lack of literature that assists therapists in working effectively with
low-income clients. As a result, marriage and family therapists may be ill equipped to meet the needs of those in poverty,
and may even be conducting therapy that is ethically unsound. The authors of this article discuss several ethical and professional
issues regarding therapy with families in poverty. A number of suggestions are presented for improving the effectiveness of
therapy with low-income clients.
Michele E. Grimes and Alyssa D. McElwain are masters students in Marriage and Family Therapy at Purdue University Calumet,
Hammond, IN.
Michele E. Grimes and Alyssa D. McElwain contributed equally to this article. 相似文献
227.
In three studies we examined the willingness to support action to remedy a public problem. In Study 1 and Study 2, people were asked whether they would financially contribute to solution of a public problem. In Study 3, people were asked whether they would sign a petition to support a public action. The aim was to test whether the willingness to support solution of a public problem is affected by the type of problem that is used as the referent. We hypothesized that the willingness to support a public action is lower when evaluated in the context of a high‐ as opposed to a low‐importance referent problem (importance contrast effect). We also hypothesized that the importance contrast effect is tied to the perceived relatedness between the target and referent problems. The importance contrast effect should be found only when the two problems relate to different category domains. The findings bear out this prediction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
228.
Reyes M Dunet DO Isenberg KB Trisolini M Wagener DK 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(1):92-100
The purpose of this study was to examine motivators for and barriers to family-based detection for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). HH patients (n = 60) and HH siblings (n = 25) participated in one-on-one or group interviews. Patients and siblings understood that HH "runs in families," but not that siblings are at higher HH risk than other family members. Patient motivators included concern for siblings' health, seriousness of untreated HH, and doctor's encouragement to tell siblings that they need to seek diagnostic testing. Siblings were motivated by the seriousness of HH. Barriers included lack of symptoms, belief that HH was rare, and assumption that their doctor would have mentioned the risk of HH. Family-based detection continues to be a feasible part of an overall public health strategy to promote early detection of HH. Greater awareness of HH and its potential consequences, especially among high-risk groups, provides an additional potential avenue for public health action. 相似文献
229.
Kelly MP Cheung YF Favilla C Siegel SJ Kanes SJ Houslay MD Abel T 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2008,15(2):75-83
Memory formation requires cAMP signaling; thus, this cascade has been of great interest in the search for cognitive enhancers. Given that medications are administered long-term, we determined the effects of chronically increasing cAMP synthesis in the brain by expressing a constitutively active isoform of the G-protein subunit Galphas (Galphas*) in postnatal forebrain neurons of mice. Previously, we showed that Galphas* mice exhibit increased adenylyl cyclase activity but decreased cAMP levels in cortex and hippocampus due to a PKA-dependent increase in total cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. Here, we extend previous findings by determining if Galphas* mice show increased activity of specific PDE families that are regulated by PKA, if Galphas* mice show PKA-dependent deficits in fear memory, and if these memory deficits are associated with PKA-dependent alterations in neuronal activity as mapped by Arc mRNA expression. Consistent with previous findings, we show here that Galphas* mice exhibit a significant compensatory increase in cAMP PDE1 activity and a trend toward increased cAMP PDE4 activity. Further, inhibiting the presumably elevated PKA activity in Galphas* mice fully rescues short- and long-term memory deficits in a fear-conditioning task, while extending the training session from one to four CS-US pairings partially rescues these deficits. Mapping of Arc mRNA levels suggests these PKA-dependent memory deficits may be related to decreased neuronal activity specifically within the cortex. Galphas* mice show decreased Arc mRNA expression in CA1, orbital cortex, and cortical regions surrounding the hippocampus; however, only the deficits in cortical regions surrounding the hippocampus are PKA dependent. Our results imply that chronically stimulating targets upstream of cAMP may detrimentally affect cognition. 相似文献
230.
Michele L. Borynski 《Current Psychology》2003,22(2):138-148
College students most at risk for engaging in binge drinking are members of Greek organizations and athletic teams (Grenier,
Borskey, & Folse, 1998; Wechsler, Dowdall, Davenport, & Castillo, 1995). Membership in religious organizations may moderate
binge drinking (O'Hare, 1990). One hundred thirty-nine college students completed the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey (Presley,
Meilman, & Lyerla, 1994), the Group Identification Scale (Hinkle, Taylor, Fox-Cardamone, & Crook, 1989), and the ‘Age-Universal’
I-E - 12 (Maltby, 1999). The results indicate that gender is related to average number of drinks per week. Membership in low
alcohol consumption organizations was related to decreases in the frequency of alcohol usage within the previous year, which
indicates that decreasing alcohol consumption may be more effective by promoting low alcohol consumption organizations. 相似文献