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Anna Sedda Ettore Ambrosini Giada Dirupo Diana Tonin Laura Valsecchi Tiziana Redaelli Michele Spinelli Marcello Costantini Gabriella Bottini 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2019,13(2):354-369
Spinal cord injury can cause cognitive impairments even when no cerebral lesion is appreciable. As patients are forced to explore the environment in a non-canonical position (i.e., seated on a wheelchair), a modified relation with space can explain motor-related cognitive differences compared to non-injured individuals. Peripersonal space is encoded in motor terms, that is, in relation to the representation of action abilities and is strictly related to the affordance of reachability. In turn, affordances, the action possibilities suggested by relevant properties of the environment, are related to the perceiver's peripersonal space and motor abilities. One might suppose that these motor-related cognitive abilities are compromised when an individual loses the ability to move. We shed light on this issue in 10 patients with paraplegia and 20 matched controls. All have been administered an affordances-related reachability judgement task adapted from Costantini, Ambrosini, Tieri, Sinigaglia, and Committeri (2010, Experimental Brain Research, 207, 95) and neuropsychological tests. Our findings demonstrate that patients and controls show the same level of accuracy in estimating the location of their peripersonal space boundaries, but only controls show the typical overestimation of reaching range. Secondly, patients show a higher variability in their judgements than controls. Importantly, this finding is related to the patients’ ability to perform everyday tasks. Finally, patients are not faster in making their judgements on reachability in peripersonal space, while controls are. Our results suggest that not moving freely or as usual in the environment impact decoding of action-related properties even when the upper limbs are not compromised. 相似文献
135.
Michele Klevens Ritterman 《Family process》1977,16(1):29-48
This review proposes a method for classifying theories of family therapy in terms of the ideal categories from which they derive. Establishing the relationship between a family-system theory and a more general world view facilitates the identification of unique aspects of theory and lays the groundwork for a theoretically consistent integration of therapy and research. 相似文献
136.
Kimberly Burkhart Michele Knox Kimberly Hunter 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2018,48(3):155-163
Anxiety and depression are often comorbid with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). There is empirical support to suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for comorbid anxiety disorders in youth with ASD. Modifications to CBT for youths with ASD have been made with emphasis on exposure being a critical component. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of CBT on symptoms of depression in youths with ASD. Modifications to CBT will be outlined in this review, as will implementation suggestions for the clinician practicing CBT with ASD youth. Limitations of the studies investigating this intervention include small sample sizes, clinician- and parent-report of symptom change but not consistent self-identified change, limited validated tools for assessing change, and lack of long-term follow-up. 相似文献
137.
Haoyun Zhang Anna Eppes Anne Beatty-Martínez Christian Navarro-Torres Michele T. Diaz 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2018,18(5):964-981
Language production and cognitive control are complex processes that involve distinct yet interacting brain networks. However, the extent to which these processes interact and their neural bases have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we investigated the neural and behavioral bases of language production and cognitive control via a phonological go/no-go picture-naming task. Naming difficulty and cognitive control demands (i.e., conflict monitoring and response inhibition) were manipulated by varying the proportion of naming trials (go trials) and inhibition trials (no-go trials) across task runs. The results demonstrated that as task demands increased, participants’ behavioral performance declined (i.e., longer reaction times on naming trials, more commission errors on inhibition trials) whereas brain activation generally increased. Increased activation was found not only within the language network but also in domain-general control regions. Additionally, right superior and inferior frontal and left supramarginal gyri were sensitive to increased task difficulty during both language production and response inhibition. We also found both positive and negative brain–behavior correlations. Most notably, increased activation in sensorimotor regions, such as precentral and postcentral gyri, was associated with better behavioral performance, in both successful picture naming and successful inhibition. Moreover, comparing the strength of correlations across conditions indicated that the brain–behavior correlations in sensorimotor regions that were associated with improved performance became stronger as task demands increased. Overall, our results suggest that cognitive control demands affect language production, and that successfully coping with increases in task difficulty relies on both language-specific and domain-general cognitive control regions. 相似文献
138.
Jaser SS Champion JE Dharamsi KR Riesing MM Compas BE 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):353-360
The adolescent children of depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression, but little is known about protective factors
for these children. Maintenance of positive affect in a stressful context may be an important marker of resilience. Mothers
with (n = 34) and without (n = 38) a history of depression and their adolescent children completed questionnaires regarding adolescents’ coping and depressive
symptoms and engaged in a 15 min videotaped interaction about family stress. Adolescents’ observed behaviors were coded using
the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. No significant differences emerged in observed behavior between adolescents of
mothers with and without a history of depression. Higher levels of primary and secondary control coping and lower levels of
disengagement coping were related to higher levels of observed positive mood and fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Observed positive mood was related to fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents, even after accounting for maternal history
of depression and current maternal depressive symptoms. Results suggest the importance of considering positive affect in the
context of family stress as a marker of resilience in adolescents at risk for depression. The current study provides evidence
for coping as a protective factor, related to higher levels of positive affect and fewer depressive symptoms, in adolescents
exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. 相似文献
139.
Ghavami N Fingerhut A Peplau LA Grant SK Wittig MA 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2011,17(1):79-88
How is social identity related to psychological well-being among minority individuals? Drawing on developmental models of identity formation (e.g., Erikson, 1968) and on Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979), we tested a conceptual model examining links between two key aspects of social identity and psychological well-being. We proposed that the association between identity achievement (exploring and understanding the meaning of one's identity) and psychological well-being is mediated by identity affirmation (developing positive feelings and a sense of belonging to one's social group). Across three studies, including ethnic minority high school students (Study 1), ethnic minority college students (Study 2) and lesbian and gay male adults (Study 3), we found strong support for the model. Results suggest that the process of exploring and understanding one's minority identity can serve as an important basis for developing positive feelings toward and an enhanced sense of attachment to the group, which can in turn confer psychological benefits for minority individuals. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
140.
We recorded the pupil diameters of participants performing the words’ color-naming Stroop task (i.e., naming the color of
a word that names a color). Non-color words were used as baseline to firmly establish the effects of semantic relatedness
induced by color word distractors. We replicated the classic Stroop effects of color congruency and color incongruency with
pupillary diameter recordings: relative to non-color words, pupil diameters increased for color distractors that differed
from color responses, while they reduced for color distractors that were identical to color responses. Analyses of the time
courses of pupil responses revealed further differences between color-congruent and color-incongruent distractors, with the
latter inducing a steep increase of pupil size and the former a relatively lower increase. Consistent with previous findings
that have demonstrated that pupil size increases as task demands rise, the present results indicate that pupillometry is a
robust measure of Stroop interference, and it represents a valuable addition to the cognitive scientist’s toolbox. 相似文献