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91.
Alessio Vieno Michela Lenzi Michele Roccato Silvia Russo Maria Grazia Monaci Luca Scacchi 《American journal of community psychology》2016,58(1-2):100-110
Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the relationships between social capital (at the individual, the neighborhood, and the regional levels) and adolescents' fear of crime, while controlling for the main individual (sociodemographics, television viewing, and bullying victimization), neighborhood (neighborhood size and aggregated victimization), and regional (crime rate and level of urbanization) variables. Data were analyzed using a three‐level model based on 22,639 15.7‐year‐old (SD = 0.67) students nested within 1081 neighborhoods and 19 Italian regions. The findings revealed that individual and contextual measures of social capital, modeled at the individual, neighborhood, and regional levels simultaneously, showed negative associations with adolescents' fear of crime. Males and participants with higher family affluence were less likely to feel fear of crime, whereas victimization, both at the individual and neighborhood levels, had a positive association with fear of crime. Strengths, limitations, and potential applications of the study are discussed. 相似文献
92.
Marketing managers currently face an explosion of subjectivity. A glance at the business world reveals new solutions developed to offer customised products. Mass customisation is stressed by academicians in different ways. For example, relationship marketing emphasises the role of the relationship between a vendor and its customer, with particular reference to the importance of personal involvement and trust. Reading such phenomena as manifesting an explosion of subjectivity in consumption suggests an enhanced opportunity for applying the experiential view of consumer behaviour. This paper invites marketing managers, as well as marketing and consumer researchers, to recognise the changing environment more proactively and to embrace the increasingly well‐established conceptions of the consumption experience more enthusiastically. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications. 相似文献
93.
Facial stimulus processing is an important topic to explain how people comprehend affective disposition in others. The effect
of attentive and pre-attentive elaboration of emotional facial expression was explored in the present research by using backward
masking procedure. Specifically, unconscious mental process of emotion comprehension was analyzed: pictures presenting a happy,
sad, angry, fearful, disgusted, surprised expressions were submitted to 21 subjects in both attentive and pre-attentive conditions
and event-related potentials (ERPs) were registered in the two conditions. The two processes, attentive and pre-attentive,
seem to be similar in their nature, since they are marked by analogous ERP deflections. In fact, two ERP effects were found,
a positive (P300) deflection, maximally distributed on the parietal regions, and a negative (N200) deflection, more localized
on the frontal sites. Nevertheless, some differences between the two conditions were found in terms of quantitative modulations
of the two peaks. The N200 effect, ampler in attentive condition, may be considered such as an index of conscious processing
of emotional faces, whereas the P3 (P3a) effect, higher in pre-attentive condition, was considered a specific marker of the
automatic, unconscious process during the emotional face comprehension. 相似文献
94.
Reciprocal Relations Between Emotional Self‐Efficacy Beliefs and Ego‐Resiliency Across Time
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Michela Milioni Guido Alessandri Nancy Eisenberg Valeria Castellani Antonio Zuffianò Michele Vecchione Gian Vittorio Caprara 《Journal of personality》2015,83(5):552-563
The present study examined the longitudinal relations of adolescents' self‐reported ego‐resiliency to their emotional self‐efficacy beliefs in expressing positive emotions and in managing negative emotions as they moved into early adulthood. Participants were 239 females and 211 males with a mean age of 17 years (SD = .80) at T1, 19 years (SD = .80) at T2, 21 years (SD = .82) at T3, and 25 years (SD = .80) at T4. A four‐wave cross‐lagged regression model and mediational analyses were used. In a panel structural equation model controlling for the stability of the constructs, reciprocal relationships across time were found between ego‐resiliency and emotional self‐efficacy beliefs related to the expression of positive emotions and to the management of negative emotions. Moreover, the relation between ego‐resiliency assessed at T1 and T3, and ego‐resiliency assessed at T2 and T4, was mediated through emotional self‐efficacy beliefs (at T2 and T3, respectively), and vice versa. The posited conceptual model accounted for a significant portion of variance in ego‐resiliency and has implications for understanding the development of ego‐resiliency. 相似文献
95.
Michela Summa 《Husserl Studies》2011,27(3):173-196
Die Unterscheidung von verschiedenen Ged?chtnisformen und -systemen sowie die Beziehung zwischen Ged?chtnis und Leiblichkeit
stehen sowohl im Fokus der kognitionswissenschaftlichen, als auch der ph?nomenologischen Debatte. In diesem Artikel wird versucht,
beide Ans?tze zum Thema in einen Dialog zu bringen. Das Leibged?chtnis wird hier zun?chst ph?nomenologisch als der konkreteste
Ausdruck des impliziten Ged?chtnisses bestimmt. Basierend auf Edmund Husserls Analysen zum Zeitbewusstsein und zur leiblichen
Erfahrung werden folglich die Strukturen und die Dynamik des Leibged?chtnisses hervorgehoben. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass das
Leibged?chtnis sowohl in den Wahrnehmungsprozessen als auch in der Gestaltung des pr?reflektiven leiblichen Selbstbewusstseins
eine unentbehrliche Rolle spielt. Schlie?lich wird die Relevanz der durchgeführten ph?nomenologischen Analysen im Rahmen der
aktuellen Debatte über Ged?chtnissysteme in den Kognitionswissenschaften diskutiert. 相似文献
96.
In 2 experimental studies, we examined a way to overcome nonbeneficiaries' resistance to employment equity (EE) policies-participation in formulating the policy. We operationalized participation in terms of instrumental versus noninstrumental voice and proposed that nonbeneficiaries would be more likely to support an EE policy when allowed instrumental participation in the policy's development. Further, we proposed psychological ownership as the mediating mechanism underlying the effects of instrumental participation. Study 1 examined participation effects for a gender-based EE policy and Study 2 for a race-based EE policy. As predicted, we found that nonbeneficiaries (men in Study 1; Whites in Study 2) in the instrumental participation condition expressed greater behavioral intentions to promote the policy (Studies 1 and 2) and were more likely to engage in a behavior promoting the policy (Study 2). We also found support for psychological ownership as the underlying mediating mechanism in both studies. Contributions to theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
97.
The present study explored behavioral and eye-movement measures in unilateral neglect patients in response to online bisection task (unfilled gap line). Two different tasks supported the bisection performance, a pointing and a grasping strategy. It was explored whether these different strategies may influence subjects' behavioral and eye-movement measures in response to different segment features: segment length (from shorter to longer) and segment spatial dislocation (from right to left spatial location). Consistent spatial biases were found for both bisection responses, fixation count, and duration, as well as for the first fixation count in case of pointing task. An "extreme-left" gradient effect was suggested and discussed, with patients' behavioral and eye measures more impaired. On the contrary, the patients' performance overlaps with the controls' one in case a grasping task. The direct link of visual pointing and grasping strategy, respectively, with the two cortical ventral and dorsal pathways was adduced to explain our results. 相似文献
98.
Michela Balconi Matteo Sozzi Chiara Ferrari Luigi Pisani Claudio Mariani 《Cognitive processing》2012,13(1):89-92
The present study explored behavioral and eye-movement measures in unilateral neglect patients in response to online bisection task (unfilled gap line). Two different tasks supported the bisection performance, a pointing and a grasping strategy. It was explored whether these different strategies may influence subjects’ behavioral and eye-movement measures in response to different segment features: segment length (from shorter to longer) and segment spatial dislocation (from right to left spatial location). Consistent spatial biases were found for both bisection responses, fixation count, and duration, as well as for the first fixation count in case of pointing task. An “extreme-left” gradient effect was suggested and discussed, with patients’ behavioral and eye measures more impaired. On the contrary, the patients’ performance overlaps with the controls’ one in case a grasping task. The direct link of visual pointing and grasping strategy, respectively, with the two cortical ventral and dorsal pathways was adduced to explain our results. 相似文献
99.
Giovanni Abbate-Daga Michela Quaranta Enrica Marzola Giovanna Cazzaniga Federico Amianto Secondo Fassino 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2013,41(4):375-394
ABSTRACT Eating Disorders (ED) are often severe illnesses entailing a heavy burden for families. Family therapy is recommended for young patients, but only a few studies have investigated therapeutic interventions with families tailored also to adult and longstanding patients. We recruited 87 families with daughters affected by an ED, aiming to assess the effectiveness of eight sessions of parent counselling. The primary outcome was the improvement of parents' coping abilities to achieve more effective support skills. Before treatment, 54% of parents showed poor coping resources whereas 43.7% of the sample improved after parent counselling. Parents with good coping resources responded significantly better to this treatment. Although future research is warranted, these preliminary findings support the effectiveness of parent counselling in ED. 相似文献
100.
Monica Rubini Michela Menegatti Silvia Moscatelli 《European Review of Social Psychology》2013,24(1):263-313
This article addresses the role of linguistic abstraction in the achievement of symbolic and practical goals. Reviewing evidence from laboratory studies, we first elaborate on the power of language as a means of ingroup enhancement or outgroup derogation under different intergroup conditions. We then report several experimental and archival studies that showed how language serves the achievement of different practical goals such as initiating, maintaining, and ending romantic relations, accounting for individual and group decisions, maintaining or obtaining political and gender power, and persuading others. The analysis of open-ended language measures—which represents a methodological thread of the reviewed studies—shows how language is strategically moulded according to individual and group goals in laboratory as well as in real-life contexts. The implications of the interplay among language, cognition, and action are addressed. 相似文献