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191.
192.
Michel Treisman Andrew Faulkner 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》1984,37(2):199-215
Signal detection theory (SDT) requires that the slope of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is independent of the probability of signal and noise. But it has been shown that when the rating procedure is applied to detection, the slope of the receiver operating characteristic may increase as a function of the probability of the signal (Schulman & Greenberg, 1970). This presents a serious problem for signal detection theory. This problem is examined in relation to a recent theory of criterion setting (Treisman & Williams, 1984), and an explanation for the effect of signal probability on ROC slope is derived which is compatible with SDT. Further data on the relation between signal probability and ROC slope are reported. 相似文献
193.
Michel Hersen Alan S. Bellack Samuel M. Turner Martin T. Williams Kaylee Harper John G. Watts 《Behaviour research and therapy》1979,17(1):63-69
The psychometric properties of the Wolpe-Lazarus Assertiveness Scale (WLAS) were evaluated with a sample of 100 male and 157 female psychiatric patients. There were no significant differences with regard to males and females for total WLAS scores. The WLAS seems to be internally consistent and has acceptable split-half and test-retest reliabilities. A factor analysis performed separately for males and females indicates that the 10 most prominent factors account for about 60% of the accumulated variance. The primary factor, shared by males and females, was labeled General Expressiveness. There was little evidence for the external validity of the WLAS when total scores were correlated with performance on a role play test. However, when WLAS factor scores were evaluated in light of role played performance, somewhat better evidence of the external validity of the WLAS was found in two of the factors for the females. 相似文献
194.
195.
The evidence for the neural quantum theory of sensory discrimination which is currently given most weight is the occurrence of intercept ratios involving small integers, such as 2:1. The importance ascribed to them derives from the implicit assumption that other theories of discrimination predict that they should be rare. This assumption is examined for the statistical decision model of discrimination. It is shown that if the latter applies, the frequency with which such ratios might be expected to occur would not be negligible and might be quite high. Thus such ratios give far less support to the neural quantum theory than has been supposed. 相似文献
196.
Vincent B. Van Hasselt Michel Hersen Alan S. Bellack 《Behaviour research and therapy》1984,22(6):689-696
A correlational study was conducted in an effort to examine the relationship between children's level of assertive skill and their social (sociometric) status. The Ss were 15 male and 15 female elementary school children ranging in age from 9 to 11 yr. Each S was administered: (a) positive and negative peer nominations and roster and rating scale sociometrics; (b) self-report questionnaires concerning their assertive behavior; and (c) standardized interviews to assess knowledge of assertive behavior. In addition, teachers' ratings of children's interpersonal behavior were obtained. Results indicated some degree of correspondence between assertion indices and sociometric ratings. However, correlation coefficients generally were in the low-to-moderate range. Also, several scales from children's self-report and teacher's ratings of children's assertive behavior differentiated high- and low-popular children. Results are discussed in terms of: (1) the utility of employing multiple criteria in assessing social functioning of children; and (2) the need to determine empirically the relevance of assertive and other interpersonal skills in childrens' social repertoires. 相似文献
197.
Michel Gardaz 《Religion》2000,30(4):353
The rapid development of Orientalism in the nineteenth century played a fundamental role in the expansion of our prior conceptions of various religious traditions. In this article, I will analyse James Darmesteter's assessment of the development of French Orientalism. He discussed this issue in his Essais orientaux (1883a). First, I will describe the discoveries mentioned by Darmesteter. Second, I will highlight his comments about the contributions of French scholars to the development of orientalism. Finally, I will analyse the relation between the Franco–German War (1870–71) and Darmesteter's Essais. The article will show that the military vocabulary used by Darmesteter is a clear indication of the impact of the war on his writing. 相似文献
198.
Michel Schmitt Albert Postma Edward De Haan 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2000,53(1):105-130
Six experiments were carried out to investigate the issue of cross-modality between exogenous auditory and visual spatial attention employing Posner's cueing paradigm in detection, localization, and discrimination tasks. Results indicated cueing in detection tasks with visual or auditory cues and visual targets but not with auditory targets (Experiment 1). In the localization tasks, cueing was found with both visual and auditory targets. Inhibition of return was apparent only in the within-modality conditions (Experiment 2). This suggests that it is important whether the attention system is activated directly (within a modality) or indirectly (between modalities). Increasing the cue validity from 50% to 80% influenced performance only in the localization task (Experiment 4). These findings are interpreted as being indicative for modality-specific but interacting attention mechanisms. The results of Experiments 5 and 6 (up/down discrimination tasks) also show cross-modal cueing but not with visual cues and auditory targets. Furthermore, there was no inhibition of return in any condition. This suggests that some cueing effects might be task dependent. 相似文献
199.
200.
Michel Soule 《Infant mental health journal》1988,9(1):54-64
In Paris' 14th district (an urban community of 140.000), a pilot experiment has been carried out over a period of 10 years-from 1976 to 1986-directed toward the establishment of a coordinated, all-embracing, very early prevention policy whose beneficiaries are the children who reside there, including even those from the very poorest families. This paper presents the various research-action techniques that have been developed, especially those activities used by the United Childhood Section. This Section (S.U.E.) has permitted the institution of early preventive measures, as well as many new initiatives in the domain of practical preventive applications, and has allowed continual theoretical thought to spring from concrete activities. Through the participation of all kinds of social personnel who, for whatever reason, see any given child, it has been possible to reduce considerably the number of individuals who have contact with any one family; to reduce the total number of foster placements; to evaluate each kind of aide proffered; and, in every case, to respect the rules of infant mental hygiene. It has been possible to take preventive action truly early by refining well-known clinical elements (neonate functional difficulties, maternal depression, etc.) and by intervening during pregnancy in lying-in facilities, in neonate departments, in day-care centers, and with mother's helpers. Two clinical and theoretically relevant cases are presented. One involves a classified list of risk indicators for different stages of infancy, and the other involves a validation in an 8-year longitudinal epidemiological study of the mental health of 400 children identified during their first year by use of these very early indicators as guides. 相似文献