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111.
We generalize the concept of a ‘ranking associated with a linear order’ from linear orders to arbitrary finite binary relations. Using the concept of differential of an object in a binary relation as theoretical primitive, we axiomatically introduce several measurement scales, some of which include the generalized ranking as a special case. We provide a computational formula for this generalized ranking, discuss its many elegant properties and offer some illustrating examples. 相似文献
112.
For a given numeration system U, a set X of integers is said to be U-star-free if the language of the normalized U-representations of the elements in X is star-free. Adapting a result of McNaughton and Papert, we give a first-order logical characterization of these sets for various numeration systems including integer base systems and the Fibonacci system. For k-ary systems, the problem of the base dependence of this property is also studied. Finally, the case of k-adic systems is developed. 相似文献
113.
MichelRevel 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2004,25(10):15-18
行为遗传学是试图定位与行为特性有关的特殊基因或基因组及了解基因与环境之间复杂关系的一种研究.行为遗传学是研究正常范围内的非病理变化,与人类疾病遗传学存在差异.行为遗传学研究面临许多伦理学问题,诸如,智力的遗传性,基因能否决定一切,生物社会学与人类文化评估,生命伦理学与行为遗传学的关系等,因此,对行为遗传学研究结果的阐述必须十分谨慎. 相似文献
114.
Young children are able to judge which of two possibilities is more likely to occur when these possibilities are characterized by a simple property, like color (“Is it more likely to draw a red chip or a blue chip?”). Here we ask whether they can do so when the possibilities concern a relation between simple properties (“Is it more likely to draw two chips of the same color or two different colored chips?”). Three studies show that from the age of six children are able to predict the occurrence of a relation on the basis of its probability, and that from the age of nine their performance reaches adult levels. These results corroborate the theory of naive extensional reasoning, and are inconsistent with the hypothesis that children need the help of instruction to reason correctly about relations. 相似文献
115.
Sanchez-Cardenas M 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2011,92(4):811-831
It can be seen that, although psychoanalytic pluralism is widespread, there is still a spirit of intolerance among the different theoretical schools. Matte Blanco's work allows us to think about these questions in a fresh way. Direct psychic experience, felt to be an indivisible whole, is characterized by the symmetrical mode (close to the unconscious) and projects itself in a multiple and decondensed manner on to the asymmetrical mode (consciousness, thought). Thus, psychical facts (for example, what the patient says and feels during the session) can be accounted for by multiple conscious representations which, however, are not mutually contradictory (e.g. in different theoretical approaches). Affective factors linked to the hope of reviving 'oceanic feelings' of fusion with a unified and unifying theory of the subject-analyst are also explored insofar as they lead to the tendency of analysts to exclude one another. 相似文献
116.
一、关于全球现状的七点重要看法1、从20世纪70年代起,学龄前和小学儿童的哲学实践在全球大力发展起来,如今已扩展到了50多个国家。最早的网络是1974年由美国哲学家马修·李普曼在美国创建的儿童哲学研究所(Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children)。 相似文献
117.
Inge Seiffge-Krenke Roberta Molinar Sylvia Ciariano Palma Menna Gregory Michel Elsa Hoareau Marion Kloep Leo B. Hendry 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2010,11(6):703-720
The present study investigated how European adolescents cope with perceived future-related stress. Altogether 3,154 adolescents
(mean age of 15 years) from four countries (n = 1,071 Italians, n = 1,433 Germans, n = 308 French, and n = 341 British) participated in the study. They completed the Problem Questionnaire, which assesses future-related stress,
and the CASQ, which assesses how three coping styles (active coping, internal coping, and withdrawal) are used to deal with
future-related stress. German and British adolescents showed low levels of stress, whereas French and Italian adolescents
had high levels. All adolescents anticipated future-related problems but did not portray their futures negatively. In addition,
they dealt with future-related stress actively and showed high levels of coping competence. Adolescents used active coping
strategies most frequently, followed by thinking about possible solutions. Dysfunctional coping strategies (e.g., withdrawal)
were used much less often. The effects of age, gender, and family variables on stress perception and coping style were negligible.
Overall, our findings highlight the tenets of positive psychology by revealing that adolescents are concerned about their
futures and that they show high agency in dealing with future-related problems. Further, the findings are relevant for positive
youth development programs, especially those which endorse positive orientation to the future and coping competence. 相似文献
118.
Edina L. Renfro‐Michel Kim C. O'Halloran Megan E. Delaney 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2010,9(1):14-25
The authors present a study that used a conceptual framework of adult learning and differentiated learning styles with graduate students in a counselor education classroom. Students in a hybrid course had higher midterm, group proposal, and posttest scores than did students in a face‐to‐face course taught by the same professor. 相似文献
119.
The immediate and short-term after effects of a bout of aerobic exercise on young adults’ information processing were investigated. Seventeen participants performed an auditory two-choice reaction time (RT) task before, during, and after 40 min of ergometer cycling. In a separate session, the same sequence of testing was completed while seated on an ergometer without pedalling. Results indicate that exercise (1) improves the speed of reactions by energizing motor outputs; (2) interacts with the arousing effect of a loud auditory signal suggesting a direct link between arousal and activation; (3) gradually reduces RT and peaks between 15 and 20 min; (4) effects on RT disappear very quickly after exercise cessation; and (5) effects on motor processes cannot be explained by increases in body temperature caused by exercise. Taken together, these results support a selective influence of acute aerobic exercise on motor adjustment stage. 相似文献
120.
Around the end of the 1920s, Vygotsky introduced his integrative framework for psycho-logical research to the Soviet Union. This framework was not abandoned and forgotten until its rediscovery in Russia and America in the 1950s, as some claim. In fact, even after his untimely death in 1934, Vygotsky remained the spiritual leader of a group of his for-mer students and collaborators, who became known as the Kharkov School. This paper reconstructs the early intellectual history of Vygotskian psychology, as it emerged, around the time of Vygotsky's death, in the research program of the Kharkov School. 相似文献