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601.
Mariko Takagishi Michel van de Velden Hiroshi Yadohisa 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2019,72(3):401-425
Preference data, such as Likert scale data, are often obtained in questionnaire-based surveys. Clustering respondents based on survey items is useful for discovering latent structures. However, cluster analysis of preference data may be affected by response styles, that is, a respondent's systematic response tendencies irrespective of the item content. For example, some respondents may tend to select ratings at the ends of the scale, which is called an ‘extreme response style’. A cluster of respondents with an extreme response style can be mistakenly identified as a content-based cluster. To address this problem, we propose a novel method of clustering respondents based on their indicated preferences for a set of items while correcting for response-style bias. We first introduce a new framework to detect, and correct for, response styles by generalizing the definition of response styles used in constrained dual scaling. We then simultaneously correct for response styles and perform a cluster analysis based on the corrected preference data. A simulation study shows that the proposed method yields better clustering accuracy than the existing methods do. We apply the method to empirical data from four different countries concerning social values. 相似文献
602.
Chao S. Hu Jinhao Huang Michel Ferrari Qiandong Wang Dong Xie Haotian Zhang 《International journal of psychology》2019,54(6):791-799
Scholars within the Berlin paradigm have analysed participants' responses to a hypothetical vignette about a friend's suicide ideation. However, no study has yet focused on participants' emotional reactions to this scenario, an important aspect of wisdom performance. We conducted a Thin‐Slice Wisdom study where participants were asked to give advice to a hypothetical friend contemplating suicide. We analysed their emotional profiles using facial expression analysis software (FACET2.1 and FACEREADER7.1). Participants' verbal responses were also transcribed and then scored by 10 raters using the Berlin criteria. Results revealed that the sadder the participants felt, the wiser their performance. Wiser participants may have been better at exploring this sad, but true, existential human dilemma. 相似文献
603.
John Zimmerman Amy K. Hurst Michel M. R. Peeters 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2007,20(1):51-57
Traditionally, designers have explored the aesthetics of interaction through the relationship between the product form and
the activity people use it for. However, in the increasing complexity of interconnected and multi-activity devices in the
home, aesthetics have been sacrificed in a move to increase usability. In this paper, we present an emerging theory that interaction
designs that take a contextual integration approach can draw interaction aesthetics from the context instead of the activity
to address the increased complexity. In addition, we present a conceptual interaction widget called the fabric-circle-slider
that draws its interaction aesthetic from a lounge chair – the context of use – and supports interaction with many devices. 相似文献
604.
De M'Uzan M 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2007,76(4):1205-1220
605.
According to LeFevre, Sadesky, and Bisanz, averaging solution latencies in order to study individuals' arithmetic strategies can result in misleading conclusions. Therefore, in addition to classical chronometric data, they collected verbal reports and challenged the assumption that adults rely systematically on retrieval of arithmetic facts from memory to solve simple addition problems. However, Kirk and Ashcraft questioned the validity of such a methodology and concluded that a more appropriate method has to be found. Thus, we developed an operand recognition paradigm that does not rely on verbal reports or on solution latencies. In accordance with LeFevre et al., we show in a first experiment that adults resort to nonretrieval strategies to solve addition problems involving medium numbers. However, in a second experiment, we show that high-skilled individuals can solve the same problems using a retrieval strategy. The benefits of our paradigm to the study of arithmetic strategies are discussed. 相似文献
606.
Bugaiska A Clarys D Jarry C Taconnat L Tapia G Vanneste S Isingrini M 《Consciousness and cognition》2007,16(4):797-808
This study was designed to investigate the effects of aging on consciousness in recognition memory, using the Remember/Know/Guess procedure (Gardiner, J. M., & Richarson-Klavehn, A. (2000). Remembering and Knowing. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory. Oxford University Press.). In recognition memory, older participants report fewer occasions on which recognition is accompanied by recollection of the original encoding context. Two main hypotheses were tested: the speed mediation hypothesis (Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 3, 403–428) and the executive-aging hypothesis (West, R. L. (1996). An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 272–292). A group of young and a group of older adults took a recognition test in which they classified their responses according to Gardiner, J. M., & Richarson-Klavehn, A. (2000). Remembering and Knowing. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory. Oxford University Press. remember-know-guess paradigm. Subsequently, participants completed processing speed and executive function tests. The results showed that among the older participants, R responses decreased, but K responses did not. Moreover, a hierarchical regression analysis supported the view that the effect of age in recollection experience is determined by frontal lobe integrity and not by diminution of processing speed. 相似文献
607.
One of the proposed mechanisms for sequential control in task-shift conditions is backward inhibition (BI), which is usually
measured in terms of lag-2 task repetition costs in A-B-A task sequences relative to C-B-A task sequences. By considering
the so far existing experiments it seems that these lag-2 repetition costs occur only with temporally overlapping cues and
targets. In the present study this issue was further examined in two experiments, in which temporal cue-target overlap was
varied blockwise (Experiment 1) and from trial-to-trial (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 shows that lag-2 repetition effects can
only be observed with temporally overlapping cues and targets, indicating that there was no BI with temporally separated cues
and targets. However, the results of Experiment 2 suggest that both irrelevant task sets are inhibited in this case, and that
with temporally overlapping cues and targets only the previously relevant task set is inhibited. 相似文献
608.
The purpose of this paper is to show through the concrete example of epileptic seizure anticipation how neuro-dynamic analysis (using new mathematical tools to detect the dynamic structure of the neuro-electric activity of the brain) and "pheno-dynamic" analysis (using new interview techniques to detect the pre-reflective dynamic micro-structure of the corresponding subjective experience) may guide and determine each other. We will show that this dynamic approach to epileptic seizure makes it possible to consolidate the foundations of a cognitive non pharmacological therapy of epilepsy. We will also show through this example how the neuro-phenomenological co-determination could shed new light on the difficult problem of the "gap" which separates subjective experience from neurophysiological activity. 相似文献
609.
Few studies concern cooperative learning in Physical Education (PE). The purpose of this experimental design was to analyze
the role of verbal exchanges (discussions about the game) among peers within teams in a cooperative perspective. The participants
were 17 boys and 13 girls from a French primary school (average age: 9.4 years). They were randomly assigned to two control
and experimental groups. The study examined the effect of verbal exchanges on inter-personal relationships and on shooting
and skill level in a team game of basketball (with adapted rules). Participants were videotaped during the games in the two
groups and during discussions in the case of the experimental group. The experimental design took place during 10 physical
education lessons. The results showed positive effects of discussions within each team on the skill level in the game at the
deferred post-test. On the other hand, no effect was found on inter-personal relationships. These data strengthen previous
findings in the theoretical cooperation framework and in the team sports domain. 相似文献
610.
Crane C Williams JM Hawton K Arensman E Hjelmeland H Bille-Brahe U Corcoran P De Leo D Fekete S Grad O Haring C Kerkhof AJ Lonnqvist J Michel K Salander Renberg E Schmidtke A van Heeringen C Wasserman D 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2007,37(4):367-378
The associations between life events in the 12 months preceding an episode of self-poisoning resulting in hospital attendance (the index episode), and the suicide intent of this episode were compared in individuals for whom the index episode was their first, episode and in individuals in whom it was a recurrence of DSH. Results indicated a significant interaction between independent life events, repetition status, and gender in the prediction of suicide intent, the association between life events and intent being moderated by repetition status in women only. The results provide preliminary evidence to suggest the presence of a suicidal process in women, in which the impact of negative life events on suicide intent diminishes across episodes. 相似文献