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41.
Michaela Hoffman Douglas Steinley Kathleen M. Gates Mitchell J. Prinstein Michael J. Brusco 《Multivariate behavioral research》2018,53(1):57-73
Cohen's κ, a similarity measure for categorical data, has since been applied to problems in the data mining field such as cluster analysis and network link prediction. In this paper, a new application is examined: community detection in networks. A new algorithm is proposed that uses Cohen's κ as a similarity measure for each pair of nodes; subsequently, the κ values are then clustered to detect the communities. This paper defines and tests this method on a variety of simulated and real networks. The results are compared with those from eight other community detection algorithms. Results show this new algorithm is consistently among the top performers in classifying data points both on simulated and real networks. Additionally, this is one of the broadest comparative simulations for comparing community detection algorithms to date. 相似文献
42.
The Role of Neighborhood in the Development of Aggression in Urban African American Youth: A Multilevel Analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Edna Romero Maryse H. Richards Patrick R. Harrison James Garbarino Michaela Mozley 《American journal of community psychology》2015,56(1-2):156-169
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of neighborhood disadvantage and perceptions of neighborhood on the development of aggressive behavior among a sample of urban low‐income African American middle school aged youth (mean age = 11.65 years). Results of hierarchical linear modeling indicated that youth experienced significant changes in rates of aggression across the three middle school years, and that on average, negative youth perceptions of neighborhood predicted increases in aggression. Both parent and youth perceptions of neighborhood disadvantage trended toward significance as a moderator between objective neighborhood characteristics and aggression. These results are in accordance with past research, which suggests that personal evaluations of the disadvantage of a neighborhood influence child development and behavior. Future studies should examine the role that perceptions play in youth development, as well as in interventions geared towards thwarting youth aggression. 相似文献
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Michaela Pfundmair Verena Graupmann Hongfei Du Dieter Frey Nilüfer Aydin 《International journal of psychology》2015,50(2):85-92
In the current research, we examined whether re‐inclusion (i.e. the change from a previous state of exclusion to a new state of inclusion) was perceived differently by people with individualistic and collectivistic cultural backgrounds. Individualists (German and Austrian participants) but not collectivists (Chinese participants) experienced re‐inclusion differently than continued inclusion: While collectivistic participants did not differentiate between both kinds of inclusion, individualistic participants showed reduced fulfilment of their psychological needs under re‐inclusion compared to continued inclusion. The results moreover revealed that only participants from individualistic cultures expressed more feelings of exclusion when re‐included than when continually included. These exclusionary feelings partially mediated the relationship between the different states of inclusion and basic need fulfilment. 相似文献
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An Examination of Potential Misclassification of Army Suicides: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers 下载免费PDF全文
Kenneth L. Cox MD MPH Matthew K. Nock PhD Quinn M. Biggs PhD MPH Jennifer Bornemann MSSW Lisa J. Colpe PhD MPH Catherine L. Dempsey PhD MPH Steven G. Heeringa PhD James E. McCarroll PhD MPH Tsz Hin Ng MPH Michael Schoenbaum PhD Robert J. Ursano MD Bailey G. Zhang MS David M. Benedek MD the Army STARRS Collaborators 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(3):257-265
Debate continues about the accuracy of military suicide reporting due to concerns that some suicides may be classified as accidents to minimize stigma and ensure survivor benefits. We systematically reviewed records for 998 active duty Army deaths (510 suicides; 488 accident, homicide, and undetermined deaths; 2005‐2009) and, using research criteria, reclassified 8.2% of the nonsuicide cases to definite suicide (1), suicide probable (4), or suicide possible (35). The reclassification rate to definite suicide was only 0.2% (1/488). This low rate suggests that flagrant misclassification of Army deaths is uncommon and surveillance reports likely reflect the “true” population of Army suicides. 相似文献
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Gefenas E 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):75-83
Assessment of risk is one of the key issues in the field of responsible conduct of research which covers discourses of research ethics and research integrity. The principle of minimizing risks and balancing of risks and benefits is one of the main requirements of research ethics. In addition, the content of informed consent that is another fundamental principle of research ethics derives from the assessment of risks and benefits related to a particular research project. Risk assessment also plays a crucial role in methodological design of the research project. This is an important point where research ethics and research integrity discourses overlap. Firstly, because the choice of a control group (e.g., placebo control) is a key ethical issue related to the protection of the research subjects' interests. Secondly, because the quality of the research data, that is one of the key elements of research integrity, is closely connected to the choice of research methodology as well. The problem of biased interpretation or manipulation of risk related features of biomedical research should also be taken into account. Despite the importance of the concept of risk to the field of biomedical research, its relevance has not yet attracted a sufficient attention in the responsible conduct of research debate. 相似文献
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Czarkowski M 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):131-138
The Helsinki Declaration is a very important document regarding the protection of patients’ rights in clinical trials and
one of the fundamental sources of operational principles for every ethics committee. Although they have been updated, the
international guidelines for ethics committees continually fail to address certain issues pertaining to the protection of
patients’ rights in clinical trials. These issues include, most significantly, the method of electing ethics committees (a
free, secret ballot should be preferred to direct appointment), the avoidance of conflict of interest during the election
of ethics committee members, and the necessary insurance coverage for the participants of clinical trials. Polish law should,
on the other hand, be developed in such way as to not limit the effectiveness of ethics committees in protecting patients’
rights in clinical trials. The ideal solution would be to draft a uniform law concerning not only clinical trials, but all
medical experiments. The opinions of experts who have been reviewing medical research projects for several years may prove
to be especially valuable in this setting.
This paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible Conduct of Basic
and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005.
The author is Chairman, Bioethics Committee of the Warsaw Regional Chamber of Physicians and Dentists. 相似文献