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101.
Michaela L. Schok Rolf J. Kleber Gerty J. L. M. Lensvelt‐Mulders Martin Elands Jos Weerts 《Journal of applied social psychology》2011,41(1):61-81
The purpose of this study was to examine meaning as a mediator between perceived threat and posttraumatic stress responses among a sample of 1,561 veterans who participated in war or peacekeeping operations. Data were collected by questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to assess the expected relationships between the observed variables. Meaning in terms of distrust and personal benefits partially mediated the relation between perceived threat and posttraumatic stress responses. Distrustful beliefs about others and the world were strongly associated with perceived threat, as well as intrusive and avoidant thoughts. Creating meaning in terms of a positive worldview appears to be an important mission after military deployment. 相似文献
102.
Katharine Scrantom Katrina McLaughlin 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2019,29(4):297-310
The current study investigates the psychosocial benefits of a cross‐community, intercultural dance programme for youth in Northern Ireland. Psychological theories, including contact theory and the ecology of childhood development, underpin the study, and results are discussed in relation to the programme's aims. The present study used qualitative, inductive methods; data consisted of interviews before and after the programme with facilitators (n = 2) and 10 (n = 10) programme participants (11–15 years old) of diverse races and nationalities. Latent themes were identified using thematic analysis. Findings reveal that participants have complex senses of identity. Worryingly, they also reported many instances of bullying, relating both to themselves and others. Results reveal three main psychosocial benefits of the programme, all of which promote positive mental health in adolescents. The benefits are increased self‐confidence, the formation of new cross‐community friendships, and improved intercultural awareness and pride. It is argued that the programme is an exemplar of how the arts can promote peace as well as resilience in the face of adversity. Recommendations for future research are included. 相似文献
103.
In a multiple-object tracking (MOT) task, young and older adults attentively tracked a subset of 10 identical, randomly moving disks for several seconds, and then tried to identify those disks that had comprised the subset. Young adults who habitually played video games performed significantly better than those who did not. Compared to young subjects (mean age = 20.6 years) with whom they were matched for video game experience, older subjects (mean age = 75.3 years) showed much reduced ability to track multiple moving objects, particularly with faster movement or longer tracking times. Control measurements with stationary disks show that the age-related decline in MOT was not caused by a general change in memory per se. To generate an item-wise performance measure, we examined older subjects' proportion correct according to the serial order in which individual disks were identified. Correct identification of target disks declined with the order in which targets were reported, suggesting that attentional tracking produced graded, rather than all-or-none, outcomes. 相似文献
104.
Perceptions of Sexual Intent: The Impact of Condom Possession 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michaela Hynie Regina A. Schuller Lisa Couperthwaite 《Psychology of women quarterly》2003,27(1):75-79
This study examined whether knowing that a victim of a sexual assault was carrying a condom influenced perceptions of her sexual intention and subsequent judgments of the sexual assault. Participants ( N = 165) read a vignette describing a date that culminated in an alleged sexual assault. Condom possession (carrying a condom, not carrying a condom) of both the female and male target was systematically varied. When the woman was carrying a condom, the woman was perceived as more sexually willing and the sexual assault claim perceived as less valid. In contrast, the male target's condom possession had little impact on judgments. 相似文献
105.
D. A. Powell Joselyn McLaughlin John Churchwell Teddy Elgarico Adrian Parker 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(3):215-227
Two experiments were conducted to ascertain the cardiovascular accompaniments of differential Pavlovian jaw movement (JM)
conditioning. The first examined the blood pressure (BP) changes that accompany the tachycardiac conditioned responses (CRs)
associated with JM conditioning. The BP response in all instances consisted of a depressor response that was greater to the
reinforced CS+ than CS-, although the magnitude of the CR was quite small. The second experiment determined the effects of
peripheral autonomic antagonists on the cardiac accelerations associated with JM conditioning. It was found that the peripheral
vagal antagonist methyl scopolamine completely abolished responses to both CS+ and CS-, whereas atenolol, a beta adrenergic
antagonist, augmented the response, compared to saline control injections. The JM responses were also affected by the autonomic
blockades, with minimal responding occurring in the scopolamine group but slightly more JM CRs in the atenolol group, compared
to saline control animals. These results suggest that the major cardiovascular response to an appetitive stimulus, which evokes
JM conditioning, consists of cardiac accelerations with the BP depressor responses playing a minimal, if any, role. Moreover,
these conditioned cardiac increases appear to be due solely to the release of vagal inhibition. 相似文献
106.
The effectiveness of using the reading racetrack drill and practice intervention on the sight word acquisition and fluency of 15 elementary students was examined in two separate experiments. A multiple baseline design across participants was used. The participants were 15 third and fourth-grade students attending a public (n =10) or parochial (n =5) elementary school. Participants included children receiving special education services in a resource room, services for learning difficulties, and those in a general classroom setting. Reading racetracks IS a novel approach which employ error correction, timing, and drill and practice procedures. This strategy also utilized drill and practice probe sheets that resemble an automotive racetrack. The results indicated that during the reading racetrack intervention all of the participants more than doubled their correct rate in oral reading. There was also a marked decrease in the number of errors made by each of the participants in this study. The implications of employing reading racetrack procedures for practitioners are outlined. 相似文献
107.
Christopher H. Skinner T. F. McLaughlin Pat Logan 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1997,7(3):295-306
Cover, Copy, and Compare (CCC) is a simple, efficient, self-managed academic intervention that can be used to improve accuracy, fluency, and maintenance across students, curricula objectives, academic skill domains, and settings. In it's simplest form CCC requires students to look at an academic stimulus (e.g., for spelling the stimulus would be a written a word) cover the stimulus, respond by copying the stimulus (e.g., writing the word), and evaluate the responses by comparing it to the original stimulus. The CCC procedure and research that supports the generalizability and ecological validity of this procedure is described and analyzed. Following this analysis, recommendations for implementing Cover, Copy, and Compare in educational settings are provided. 相似文献
108.
Judith A. McLaughlin 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1981,31(1):103-114
Three- to seven-year-old chilren were trained through reinforcement to select either the more or less numerous of two rows of squares. One group was shown rows in which number covaried with row length, one group saw rows in which number covaried with row density, and a third group saw rows in which number did not covary with other dimensions. The children's operational stage was assessed by a number conservation test. All children successfully judged relative numerosity when number covaried with length or with density, but only concrete operational children were successful when number did not covary with other dimensions. Preoperational children are thus not able to base judgments of relative numerosity solely on number. 相似文献
109.
Barry McLaughlin 《Journal of religion and health》1965,4(3):258-279
110.
Undiagnosed malingering (symptom overreporting or fabrication) can endanger mental health staff. This review paper presents a systematic and empirically based framework to assess symptom overreporting and violence potential. The first half reviews three models of malingering and their implications for violence potential. The first model proposes that people who malinger are attempting to cope with major mental disorders or organic deficits. The violence potential of these often overlooked disorders is explained. The second model describes how some people with character disorders overreport psychological symptoms and use violence to manage interpersonal relationships. The third model proposes that people who malinger are attempting to get their needs met in complex situations. Mishandling these often desperate people can result in a dangerous situation. The second half of this article focuses on conducting evaluations with potential malingerers, including ethical issues, assessment techniques, and treatment recommendations. Public policy implications are also addressed. 相似文献