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201.
202.
The relation between memory and attention has been of long-standing interest. Eich (1984) made an important discovery of implicit but not explicit memory for contextually determined homophones (e.g., taxi-FARE) presented in a channel to be ignored within a selective listening procedure. However, his slow rate of presentation of shadowing task materials may have allowed frequent attention shifts to the allegedly ignored channel. With a direct replication of Eich’s timing parameters, we reproduced his results, but when the attended channel was presented twice as fast as Eich’s, implicit memory for the to-be-ignored words vanished. Our results contradict claims of extensive semantic processing of unattended auditory information in this task. 相似文献
203.
The dominant scientific and philosophical view of the mind – according to which, put starkly, cognition is computation – is refuted herein, via specification and defense of the following new argument: Computation is reversible; cognition isn't; ergo, cognition isn't computation. After presenting a sustained dialectic arising from this defense, we conclude with a brief preview of the view we would put in place of the cognition-is-computation doctrine. 相似文献
204.
Michael H. Barnes 《Religion》1997,27(4):375-390
Religion can be defined narrowly as belief in anthropomorphic supernatural beings. For Levy-Bruhl this meant that prelogical ‘mystic participation’ preceded true religion. For Donald Wiebe and others it means that philosophical-scientific rationality has been struggling to replace religion since the axial age. A broader definition of religion interprets rational post-axial theology as a development within religion, not a replacement of true religion. Both definitions are legitimate. The narrow definition highlights a tendency to superstition in religion. The broader definition recognizes the possibility of an evolution of religious thought. 相似文献
205.
This paper examines ethical issues related to medical practices with children and adults who are members of a linguistic and cultural minority known as the DEAF-WORLD. Members of that culture characteristically have hearing parents and are treated by hearing professionals whose values, particularly concerning language, speech, and hearing, are typically quite different from their own. That disparity has long fueled a debate on several ethical issues, most recently the merits of cochlear implant surgery for DEAF children. We explore whether that surgery would be ethical if implants could deliver close to normal hearing for most implanted children, thereby diminishing the ranks of the DEAF-WORLD. The ethical implications of eugenic practices with the DEAF are explored, as are ethical quandaries in parental surrogacy for DEAF children, and their parallels in transracial adoption. 相似文献
206.
Two studies of college undergraduates (ns = 95 and 92, primarily non-Hispanic whites and Asian Americans) investigated gender stereotypes of stress and emotion, as
well as variables that influence the perception of gender-related differences. Study 1 assessed how gender stereotypes differ
from the self-reports of men and women. When asked to choose a label for the subjective experience of the average man and
the average woman in a series of problematic hypothetical situations, participants generally tended to believe that the average
female would feel ‘emotional,” but that the average male would feel “stressed.” By contrast, the label participants chose
to describe their own subjective experience was not significantly affected by their gender. In addition, participants believed
the average woman and man differed more in the intensity of their emotions than in the intensity of their stress, a belief
contradicted by their own self-reports. Results of Study 2 indicated that gender-related differences in estimations of stress
and emotion for the self were reduced or eliminated when specific information about experience-eliciting situations was provided.
We would like to thank Matthew Dank for his help in preparing the stimulus materials. 相似文献
207.
From antiquity to the present, humans have debated whether intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. This presentation will survey this debate, examining the roles played in it by science, religion, philosophy, and other areas of human learning. One thesis that will be developed is that whether or not extraterrestrials exist, ideas about them have strongly influenced Western thought. 相似文献
208.
This study examined the extent to which psychologists, when compared to university professors and evening school students,
employ individualist values differentially in their responses to vignettes describing males and females. The participants
responded to 6 vignettes by choosing initial hypotheses that reflected either utilitarian (tradition-ally masculine) or expressive
(traditionally feminine) themes. Two vignettes involved a sex of client manipulation, but neither resulted in a sex of client
effect. An analysis of the responses to the remaining 4 vignettes indicated a marked preference for the masculine form of
individualism for males, but were evenly divided for females in all three groups. These results suggest that psychologists
were just as likely to engage in bias as others. 相似文献
209.
Michael J. Tarr Hemnch H. Bulthoff Manon Zabinski Volker Blanz 《Psychological science》1997,8(4):282-289
Abstract— We investigated how varying the number of unique pans within an object influences recognition across changes in viewpoint The stimuli were shaded objects composed of five three-dimensional volumes tinted end to end with varying connection angles Of the five volumes, zero, one, three, or jive were qualitatively distinct (e g, brick vs cone), the rest being tubes Sequential-matching and naming tasks depth Three major results stand out First, regardless of the number of distinct parts, there was increasingly poorer recognition performance viewpoint change for objects with one unique part was less than that for the other objects Third, additional pans beyond a single unique part produced strong viewpoint dependency comparable to that ob representations encode both quantitative and qualitative features 相似文献
210.
INTERRUPTING IRONIC PROCESSES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract— Research on ironic mental control processes makes the under appreciated point that attempts to solve problems sometimes make them worse. Social scientists now know much about what ironic processes look like less about why they occur and too little about how to change them. Features of the exacerbation process itself suggest parsimonious approaches to treatment based on interrupting the "solutions" that keep ironic mental processes going (e.g. compliance-based paradoxical intervention). Extending Wegner's explication of ironic interpersonal (mental) processes we propose that ironic interpersonal (social) processes also maintain many human problems in this area will benefit from attending more to how problems persist between people as well as within them. 相似文献