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991.
Clinical pragmatism: a method of moral problem solving 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper presents a method of moral problem solving in clinical practice that is inspired by the philosophy of John Dewey. This method, called "clinical pragmatism," integrates clinical and ethical decision making. Clinical pragmatism focuses on the interpersonal processes of assessment and consensus formation as well as the ethical analysis of relevant moral considerations. The steps in this method are delineated and then illustrated through a detailed case study. The implications of clinical pragmatism for the use of principles in moral problem solving are discussed. 相似文献
992.
This paper examines ethical issues related to medical practices with children and adults who are members of a linguistic and cultural minority known as the DEAF-WORLD. Members of that culture characteristically have hearing parents and are treated by hearing professionals whose values, particularly concerning language, speech, and hearing, are typically quite different from their own. That disparity has long fueled a debate on several ethical issues, most recently the merits of cochlear implant surgery for DEAF children. We explore whether that surgery would be ethical if implants could deliver close to normal hearing for most implanted children, thereby diminishing the ranks of the DEAF-WORLD. The ethical implications of eugenic practices with the DEAF are explored, as are ethical quandaries in parental surrogacy for DEAF children, and their parallels in transracial adoption. 相似文献
993.
Richard L. Port Heather A. Murphy R. DAniel Miller Kevin S. Seybold 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1997,15(4):332-339
present research examined the role of hippocampal NMDA-dependent synaptic potentiation on appetitive instrumental conditioning
under a continuous reinforcement schedule. In the first experiment, low (.025 mg.kg) or moderate (.05 mg/kg) dosages of the
NMDA receptor antagonist, MK801, failed to increase the number of training days required to reach acquisition criterion; number
of training days required to reach criterion for extinction were also unaffected. In the second experiment, a higher dosage
(.10 mg/kg) of MK801 or induction of long-term potentiation failed to alter the number of responses occurring during acquisition.
These data suggest that hippocampal synaptic potentiation does not play a prominent role in instrumental learning with simple
contingency conditions. It is suggested that hippocampal LTP reflects a perceptual process that contributes differentially
to spatial cognition, classical and instrumental conditioning. 相似文献
994.
Thirty-five current therapy clients, 47 former clients, and 42 college students with no therapy experience rated 27 items in terms of importance for inclusion in informed consent discussions. The current and former client samples rated information about inappropriate therapeutic techniques, confidentiality, and the risks of alternative treatments as most important, and information about the personal characteristics of the therapist and the therapist's degree as least important. The results of this study provide evidence for differential informed consent disclosure practices. 相似文献
995.
996.
Two studies of college undergraduates (ns = 95 and 92, primarily non-Hispanic whites and Asian Americans) investigated gender stereotypes of stress and emotion, as
well as variables that influence the perception of gender-related differences. Study 1 assessed how gender stereotypes differ
from the self-reports of men and women. When asked to choose a label for the subjective experience of the average man and
the average woman in a series of problematic hypothetical situations, participants generally tended to believe that the average
female would feel ‘emotional,” but that the average male would feel “stressed.” By contrast, the label participants chose
to describe their own subjective experience was not significantly affected by their gender. In addition, participants believed
the average woman and man differed more in the intensity of their emotions than in the intensity of their stress, a belief
contradicted by their own self-reports. Results of Study 2 indicated that gender-related differences in estimations of stress
and emotion for the self were reduced or eliminated when specific information about experience-eliciting situations was provided.
We would like to thank Matthew Dank for his help in preparing the stimulus materials. 相似文献
997.
From antiquity to the present, humans have debated whether intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. This presentation will survey this debate, examining the roles played in it by science, religion, philosophy, and other areas of human learning. One thesis that will be developed is that whether or not extraterrestrials exist, ideas about them have strongly influenced Western thought. 相似文献
998.
Henry B. Reiff 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1997,75(6):433-441
This article describes a program designed to improve academic performance of academically at-risk students at a small liberal arts college. Developed from research on successful adults with learning disabilities, the program emphasizes strategic goal planning and incorporates approaches often found in support services for college students with learning disabilities. Preliminary results indicate that a relation exists between the program and increased grade point average of at-risk students. 相似文献
999.
Theodore P. Remley Jr. Barbara Herlihy Scott B. Herlihy 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1997,75(3):213-218
In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court held that communications between licensed psychotherapists and their patients are privileged under the Federal Rules of Evidence. The nature of privileged communication, the history of this Supreme Court decision, and implications of the decision for counselors are discussed. 相似文献
1000.
Richard L. Port Heather A. Murphy R. DAniel Miller Kevin S. Seybold 《Current Psychology》1997,15(4):332-339
present research examined the role of hippocampal NMDA-dependent synaptic potentiation on appetitive instrumental conditioning
under a continuous reinforcement schedule. In the first experiment, low (.025 mg.kg) or moderate (.05 mg/kg) dosages of the
NMDA receptor antagonist, MK801, failed to increase the number of training days required to reach acquisition criterion; number
of training days required to reach criterion for extinction were also unaffected. In the second experiment, a higher dosage
(.10 mg/kg) of MK801 or induction of long-term potentiation failed to alter the number of responses occurring during acquisition.
These data suggest that hippocampal synaptic potentiation does not play a prominent role in instrumental learning with simple
contingency conditions. It is suggested that hippocampal LTP reflects a perceptual process that contributes differentially
to spatial cognition, classical and instrumental conditioning. 相似文献