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981.
Metcalf MC 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2005,59(4):401-402
982.
We describe WebDiP (Web Decision Processes)—an open-source, online tool—which enables a researcher to track
participants while they search for information in a database, available through the Internet. After various instructions on
setup and configuration are given, a detailed view of WebDiP explains the system’s technical features. Furthermore, other
open-source tools are mentioned that helped in programming WebDiP, running it, or analyzing data gathered with it. We present
new approaches of how open-source thinking can be incorporated into a research process and discuss future perspectives of
WebDiP. 相似文献
983.
Using the score method to construct asymmetric confidence intervals: An SAS program for content validation in scale development 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Expert review sessions are often conducted to determine the content validity of scale items. The accurate quantification of
content validity is usually limited by a relatively small number of experts as well as by a small number of rating categories.
These factors, combined with the bounded and discrete nature of rating scale categories, hinder use of traditional methods
for computing standard errors and confidence intervals. Using an application of the score method, researchers can construct
an asymmetric interval that is better suited for these situations. SAS code is provided to automate the computations, and
a discussion of two methods for using the obtained results for content validation decisionmaking follows. 相似文献
984.
Previous research and theory have conceptualized impulsivity as a multifaceted construct that requires multiple modes of measurement
for accurate assessment. This article describes a software package that includes four paradigms for measuring multiple and
unique aspects of impulsivity. Specifically, four tasks are described: (1) the two choice impulsivity paradigm, (2) the single
key impulsivity paradigm, (3) the GoStop impulsivity paradigm, and (4) the time paradigm. These tasks measure processes related
to the capacity to tolerate delay for reward, to inhibit an already initiated response, and to estimate the passage of time.
These processes have been found to be important to the understanding of impulsive behaviors. The programs are flexible and
allow the experimenter to manipulate a number of parameters related to delay-reward contingencies, timing, performance feedback/payment,
and data output variables. Manipulation of these parameters makes the paradigms scalable to a wide range of ability levels
and appropriate for samples ranging from children to adults. The four paradigms in this software package are available at
no cost and can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author. 相似文献
985.
Synchronizing the display of a stimulus with physiological recording or subjects’ behavioral responses is crucial for acquiring
valid measures of performance. This article describes a technique for integrating the presentation of stimuli, behavior reports,
and physiological data employing Macromedia Director and a standard biometric program using an example from the field of developmental
psychopathology. Our experience has been that the use of this technique is effective in creating complex protocols for research.
Although the temporal accuracy available from this particular method is adequate for some experiments, it is not suited for
investigations requiring single millisecond accuracy. Considerations and suggestions for utilizing this and similar techniques
for integrating data collection and stimuli presentation are discussed. 相似文献
986.
We provide objective data concerning the age of acquisition (AoA) of words from 202 Italian children 34–69 months of age.
We investigated picture naming with 80 concrete words belonging to eight semantic categories that are included in a widely
used battery for the study of naming and semantic memory. For each word, we calculated three different indices: two directly
expressing the age at which a picture was given the correct name by at least 75% of the subjects, and one expressing the overall
percentage of our children who were correct in the task. (For the latter index, we provide separate values for boys and girls.)
The correlation between objective indices of AoA and adult estimates culled from the literature was not very high. Moreover,
objective indices showed low correlations with frequency and familiarity, in contrast to adult ratings. We conclude that adult
estimates of AoA present validity problems and should be used with caution. The full set of stimuli is available at www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
987.
Miles JN 《Behavior research methods》2005,37(4):672-676
This article presents a method for using Microsoft (MS) Excel for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA is often seen as
an impenetrable technique, and thus, when it is taught, there is frequently little explanation of the mechanisms or underlying
calculations. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that this is not the case; it is relatively straightforward to produce
a spreadsheet in MS Excel that can carry out simple CFA. It is possible, with few or no programming skills, to effectively
program a CFA analysis and, thus, to gain insight into the workings of the procedure. 相似文献
988.
A review of the literature and ethnographic data from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom on the research ethics review process suggest that moral panics can become triggers for punctuated equilibrium in the review process at both the macro and microlevel, albeit with significantly different levels of magnitude and impact. These data suggest that neither the development of the ethics review process nor the process itself proceeds gradually, but both are characterized by periodic major shifts evoked by particular events or situations that result in varying levels of moral panic. One way to deal with this moral panic is to increase the regulation of research and the depth or intensity of the scrutiny of applications under ethics review. Moral panics at the macrolevel influence those at the microlevel and, if the moral panic evoked at the local or microlevel is not satisfactorily resolved, it will evoke action at a higher level. Understanding the evolution of research ethics review processes from this perspective might help make actions by ethics committees and policy makers more understandable and help explain why attention to research ethics are heightened at particular points in time. It may also provide a basis for developing recommendations for adaptations to the ethics review process and policy at both the local and macrolevel. 相似文献
989.
A proposal for the biological grounding of intrinsic teleology and sense-making through the theory of autopoiesis is critically
evaluated. Autopoiesis provides a systemic language for speaking about intrinsic teleology but its original formulation needs
to be elaborated further in order to explain sense-making. This is done by introducing adaptivity, a many-layered property
that allows organisms to regulate themselves with respect to their conditions of viability. Adaptivity leads to more articulated
concepts of behaviour, agency, sense-construction, health, and temporality than those given so far by autopoiesis and enaction.
These and other implications for understanding the organismic generation of values are explored. 相似文献
990.