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191.
Abraham P. Buunk Thecla M. Brakel Femke T.C. Bennenbroek Heidi E. Stiegelis Robbert Sanderman Alfons C. M. Van den Bergh Mariët Hagedoorn 《欧洲人格杂志》2009,23(6):475-487
The present study examined how the effects of three audiotapes containing different types of social comparison information on the mood of cancer patients depended on the level of neuroticism. On the procedural tape, a man and woman discussed the process of radiation therapy, on the emotion tape, they focussed on emotional reactions to their illness and treatment, while on the coping tape they focussed on the way they had been coping. A validation study among 115 students showed that the tapes were perceived as they were intended. The main study was conducted among 226 patients who were about to undergo radiation therapy. Compared to patients in the control group, as patients were higher in neuroticism, they reported less negative mood after listening to the procedural and the coping tape. Furthermore, as patients were higher in neuroticism, they reported less negative mood after listening to the coping tape than to the emotion tape. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
192.
ABSTRACT— Four studies show that the abstract concept of importance is grounded in bodily experiences of weight. Participants provided judgments of importance while they held either a heavy or a light clipboard. Holding a heavy clipboard increased judgments of monetary value (Study 1) and made participants consider fair decision-making procedures to be more important (Study 2). It also caused more elaborate thinking, as indicated by higher consistency between related judgments (Study 3) and by greater polarization of agreement ratings for strong versus weak arguments (Study 4). In line with an embodied perspective on cognition, these findings suggest that, much as weight makes people invest more physical effort in dealing with concrete objects, it also makes people invest more cognitive effort in dealing with abstract issues. 相似文献
193.
Michaël Huet Cyril Camachon Laure Fernandez David M. Jacobs Gilles Montagne 《Human movement science》2009,28(4):450-467
The present study investigates the effects of different types of concurrent feedback on the acquisition of perceptual-motor skills. Twenty participants walked through virtual corridors in which rhythmically opening and closing sliding doors were placed. The participants aimed to adjust their walking speed so as to cross the doors when the doors were close to their maximal aperture width. The highest level of performance was achieved by learners who practiced the task with unambiguous self-controlled concurrent feedback, which is to say, by learners who could request that feedback at wish. Practice with imposed rather than self-controlled feedback and practice without concurrent feedback were shown to be less effective. Finally, the way in which the self-controlled concurrent feedback was presented was also found to be of paramount importance; if the feedback is ambiguous, it may even prevent participants from learning the task. Clearly, unambiguous self-controlled feedback can give rise to higher levels of performance than other feedback conditions (compared to imposed schedule) but, depending on the way it is presented, the feedback can also prevent the participants from learning the task.In the discussion it is argued that unambiguous self-controlled concurrent feedback allows learners to more rapidly educate their attention towards more useful perceptual invariants and to calibrate the relation between perceptual invariants and action parameters. 相似文献
194.
Michelle Proulx Marie-Dominique Beaulieu Christine Loignon Marie-Hélène Mayrand Christine Maugard Nathalie Bellavance Diane Provencher 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(2):160-172
Although the discovery of mutations on BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes associated with high breast cancer risk has given rise to screening
and surveillance initiatives, there is little documentation on why high-risk women choose to enter screening programs. The
objective of this qualitative study was to develop a detailed understanding of the experiences and decisions that motivate
women with increased risk of hereditary breast cancer to participate in the multicentered Quebec experimental breast screening
program. Our study involved 21 participants who were either BRCA carriers or at risk and untested. These women were interviewed
while participating in the screening program. Our study demonstrates that intensive screening programs may provide valuable
reassurance for women with increased familial risk of hereditary breast cancer, who count on early detection and rapid response
from professionals if and when a problem arises. Health professionals must take these and others concerns into account to
ensure their interventions are most consistent with women’s needs. 相似文献
195.
Stl Bjrkly 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(5):306-312
The main purpose of this article is to delineate findings from a review of the literature on the empirical basis for the existence of a relationship between Asperger's syndrome (AS) and violence risk. A second aim is to examine whether certain characteristics of the disorder may have a higher violence-triggering potential. Results of this review show that there are very few empirical studies that confirm a stable link between AS and violence. Only 11 studies involving 22 patients and 29 violent incidents met the criteria for inclusion in the review after the search of the literature. However, a qualitative analysis of the studies yielded some indications of possible patterns of dynamics of violence that may prove to be typical of persons with AS. A tentative comparison of AS and psychopathy indicated that there may be qualitative differences in the characteristics of violent behavior between the disorders. Suggestions for further research are presented. 相似文献
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197.
Hämäläinen H Kujala T Kekoni J Hurskainen H Pirilä J Wikström H Huotilainen M 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2007,48(5):367-373
Auditory orienting and discrimination were studied with combined multi-channel EEG and MEG recordings in a patient with unilateral amygdala-hippocampus-partial temporal lobe resection of the right hemisphere. The results revealed abnormalities of habituation in alerting- and orienting-related responses, and discrimination-related responses, elicited by auditory stimulation contralateral to the resected cerebral hemisphere. These results give support to the notions about the role of the amygdala and hippocampus in alerting and orienting, respectively, and of the temporal cortex in auditory discrimination. 相似文献
198.
Noël Carroll 《美学与艺术评论杂志》2001,59(3):313-316
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200.