Meaning in Life Promotes Proactive Coping via Positive Affect: A Daily Diary Study

Previous research on meaning in life and coping has generally been focused on reactive coping strategies and global meaning judgments. To extend this, the present study used a daily diary method to collect longitudinal data, and examined whether individuals’ daily meaning in life predicted use of proactive coping techniques and whether this relationship was mediated by positive affect. Adults (n = 132) completed a diary to track their meaning in life and positive affect every day for 21 consecutive days. Global levels of meaning in life, positive affect, and proactive coping were measured both at baseline and after the daily reporting phase ended. Hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that daily meaning in life was a positive predictor of daily positive affect. Furthermore, combined latent growth curve and structural equation models indicated that the rate of change in daily meaning in life predicted change in proactive coping over the course of the study, and that this relationship was mediated by change in positive affect. The mediational effect of positive affect in the relationship between meaning in life and proactive coping was also verified by the reported global levels of these variables. These findings suggest that meaning in life may play an important role in coping with future life stress. Our discussion centers on the positive functions of meaning in life and the mechanisms of the predictive relationship of meaning in life in terms of proactive coping.     

语境丰富性和生词重复暴露对儿童附带性词汇学习的影响

考察了重复阅读下语境丰富性和生词重复暴露对儿童附带性新词学习的影响。实验设为三种学习条件:多语境重复、单语境重复、基线。结果显示,在反映词汇加工早期阶段的凝视时间和晚期阶段的总注视时间上,均表现为多语境重复学习后的词汇加工时间显著短于单语境重复条件和基线条件,且后两者间无差异。结果证明,儿童在重复阅读过程中对丰富语境线索的使用是附带性词汇学习发展的主要原因,而生词单纯的重复暴露并未产生明显效果,进一步表明只有在丰富的语境环境下单词的重复才会提高儿童新词学习的质量。关于语境丰富性和重复在附带性词汇学习理论和语文实践教学价值上的启示将被讨论。     

Temporal Doppler Effect and Future Orientation: Adaptive Function and Moderating Conditions

The objectives of this study were to examine whether the temporal Doppler effect exists in different time intervals and whether certain individual and environmental factors act as moderators of the effect. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we examined the existence of the temporal Doppler effect and the moderating effect of future orientation among 139 university students (Study 1), and then the moderating conditions of the temporal Doppler effect using two independent samples of 143 and 147 university students (Studies 2 and 3). Results indicated that the temporal Doppler effect existed in all of our studies, and that future orientation moderated the temporal Doppler effect. Further, time interval perception mediated the relationship between future orientation and the motivation to cope at long time intervals. Finally, positive affect was found to enhance the temporal Doppler effect, whereas control deprivation did not influence the effect. The temporal Doppler effect is moderated by the personality trait of future orientation and by the situational variable of experimentally manipulated positive affect. We have identified personality and environmental processes that could enhance the temporal Doppler effect, which could be valuable in cases where attention to a future task is necessary.     

心理战信息损伤的概念与研究

信息是心理战进攻的主要武器,以造成心理杀伤为最终目标。为了更好地研究心理战防御,需要首先对信息损伤的特点进行研究。本文通过“非典”流行期间信息损伤的调查,界定了信息损伤的概念,总结了信息损伤的特点,分析了信息损伤的影响因素,提出了未来信息损伤的研究方向     

军事心理学研究

著名军事心理学家Driskell和Olmstedt(1989)曾话:"可能没有任何组织或机构会像军队那样与心理学科的成熟和发展有着如此紧密的联系."Edgar M. Johnson(1991)也讲过这样一句话:"军事心理学只有把焦点集中于军事应用上,它才真正是独一无二的学科."     

军事飞行员工作绩效结构的分析

通过对30名高等级军事飞行员的访谈和相关资料的研究初步确定了11个条目的任务绩效和关系绩效考核提纲;由109名上级使用这个提纲对507名现役军事飞行员进行了绩效评估,另外飞行员间进行互评;使用验证性因素分析的方法对提纲进行了优化,并进行了信度和效度考察。结果表明,军事飞行员的工作绩效应由任务绩效和关系绩效两部分来描述,其中任务绩效包含四个因素,分别为：飞行绩效、空中特情下的表现及事故征候的发生率、业务理论水平和体能状况;关系绩效包含6个因素,分别为：遵章守纪表现、工作主动性、责任心、安心服役、钻研精神和协作精神。     

人格与无手机恐惧的关系：独处行为的中介作用

研究选取678名大学生被试,探究了人格、无手机恐惧与独处行为之间的关系。结果表明：（1）神经质和开放性正向预测无手机恐惧,独处行为也正向预测无手机恐惧;（2）独处行为在神经质和开放性维度与无手机恐惧的关系中起中介作用。具体来说,独处行为中的孤僻、社交回避和孤独维度在神经质与无手机恐惧的关系中起中介作用;而积极独处在开放性与无手机恐惧的关系中起中介作用。     

作文前计划的时间因素对前计划效应的影响

采用自然实验与实验室实验相结合的方法,通过两个实验探讨作文前计划的时间因素对前计划效应的影响。结果发现,作文方式决定前计划用时,前计划用时影响前计划效应,前计划效应决定前计划形式的作用。这一结果表明,在既有前计划又有外部视觉表征的情况下,前计划本身在前计划时限与前计划形式的关系中起着决定性的作用。因为前计划的存在,使外部视觉表征的作用呈现出更为复杂的情况,从而表现为长时限前计划即充分前计划条件下,外部视觉表征具有重要意义,短时限前计划即不充分前计划条件下,计划比外部视觉表征更具价值。