Suffering a Loss Is Good Fortune: Myth or Reality?

We sometimes decide to take an offered option that results in apparent loss (e.g., unpaid overtime). Mainstream decision theory does not predict or explain this as a choice we want to make, whereas such a choice has long been described and highly regarded by the traditional Chinese dogma “吃亏是福” (suffering a loss is good fortune). To explore what makes the dogma work, we developed a celebrity anecdote‐based scale to measure “Chikui” (suffering a loss) likelihood and found that:(i) people with higher scores on the Chikui Likelihood Scale (CLS) were more likely to report higher scores on subjective well‐being and the Socioeconomic Index for the present and (ii) the current Socioeconomic Index could be positively predicted not only by current CLS scores but also by retrospective CLS scores recalled for the past, and the predictive effect was enhanced with increasing time intervals. Our findings suggest that “suffering a loss is good fortune” is not a myth but a certain reality. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

非预想刺激的运动速率对无意视盲的影响

无意视盲是指由于对某些事物的专注而导致的眼前对象被忽视的现象。它受到诸如非预想刺激的位置、大小、颜色; 非预想刺激与注意刺激之间的关系; 被试的年龄、专业知识、加工能力等诸多因素的影响。本文通过改进的MR范式考察了“等时”和“等距”条件下非预想刺激的运动速率对无意视盲的影响。实验结果显示: (1)非预想刺激的运动速率和其呈现时间对无意视盲的比率有显著影响; (2)在一定的呈现时间范围内, 视盲率随运动速率的升高而降低, 但当维持相等的运动距离时, 视盲率没有显著变化; (3)当呈现时间超出一定范围时, 运动速率对无意视盲的影响急剧减小, 即呈现时间制约着运动速率对无意视盲的影响, 两者间呈倒U型曲线关系。文末就实验结果进行了详细分析和讨论。     

三叉神经痛药物治疗的循证医学分析

原发性三叉神经痛是一种严重的颌面部神经疼痛,其病因未明,目前的主要治疗措施是通过各种药物进行控制,但很多药物存在副作用、长期使用疗效降低等问题。本文应用循证医学思想,通过检索和评价国内外文献,综合高质量的临床研究结论,为三叉神经痛的药物治疗提供循证医学证据。     

马克思究竟如何超越黑格尔？——深入理解马克思主义的“原点问题”

作为市民社会的典型意识形态,黑格尔哲学有两重意境,一般唯心主义与资本主义的物化意识,这使它成为显性的概念拜物教与隐性的资本拜物教的形而上学耦合体.马克思对黑格尔的超越不能只在一重意境中进行,必须同时反对一般唯心主义与物化意识,既要反对概念拜物教,又要彻底批判资本主义生产方式.因而,马克思对黑格尔的超越是全面、深刻、总体性的超越.既要超越哲学,又要超越市民社会,马克思主义理论的根本特质在于改变世界.     

应用项目反应理论对《中国士兵人格问卷》的项目分析

采用项目反应理论（IRT）对《中国士兵人格问卷》进行项目分析。计算机呈现中国士兵人格问卷（CSPQ）对100,523名适龄男性青年进行测验,随机抽取2676名任一维度标准分均低于70的定为合格组;将任一维度大于70分并经专业人员访谈不合格的274名定为不合格组;从精神病院抽取男性年龄相当的221名缓解期精神分裂症患者定为精神病组,并完成CSPQ测验。运用基于IRT的双参数Logistic模型进行分析;结果发现,区分度参数超过区间(0.30,4.00)的条目删除前后,被试的能力值与标准分均存在显著相关;精神病组的测验分数经IRT分析,图形曲线与不合格组有高度吻合。研究结果说明,在测验精度基本相同的条件下,应用IRT可以减少施测条目,提高测验效率,可在一定程度上更精确地区分被试的特质水平     

亲子亲合、逆境信念与农村留守儿童积极/消极情绪的关系

分别以173名双亲外出儿童和167名父亲外出儿童为被试,采用问卷法,探讨了父子/母子亲合、逆境信念与两类留守儿童积极/消极情绪的关系及作用机制。结果表明：（1）双亲外出儿童的逆境信念水平显著低于父亲外出儿童;（2）在双亲外出儿童群体中,父子亲合能够显著预测其积极情绪和消极情绪,而母子亲合仅能显著预测其积极情绪;在父亲外出儿童群体中,父子亲合仅能够预测其消极情绪,母子亲合则能够预测其积极情绪;（3）逆境信念在父子亲合/母子亲合与积极情绪之间起中介作用,但这种中介作用只存在于双亲外出儿童群体中。     

Perceived discrimination and antisocial behaviour among Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents: Mediating effects of social support

Using cross‐sectional data from rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents in urban areas of Beijing, China, we examined the mediating effects of social support (i.e. teacher support and classmate support) in the relationship between perceived discrimination (PD) and antisocial behaviour (ASB) among Chinese migrant adolescents. Participants were 897 adolescents (459 boys and 438 girls, mean age = 13.34 years) from four migrant schools (68.8%) and four public schools (31.2%). Participants completed self‐report questionnaires concerning PD, ASB, teacher support and classmate support. Results indicated that Chinese migrant adolescents who perceived more discrimination were more likely to engage in ASB. Teacher support partially mediated the relationship between PD and ASB. Gender moderated this mediational relationship, such that teacher support exerted a mediating role among girls, but not boys. The findings suggest that reductions in teacher support may partially account for the effect of PD on ASB among Chinese migrant adolescents girls.     

Effects of awe on consumer preferences for healthy versus unhealthy food products

This research investigates how a discrete positive emotion (awe) impacts consumers' decisions on food choices. We probe and demonstrate that the experience of awe enhances consumer preferences for healthy versus unhealthy products. In a series of three studies, we find that awe, compared with a neutral emotion, increases consumers' likelihood to choose healthy products over unhealthy products (Study 1). Consumers' processing styles drive the observed awe effect (Study 2), whereby awe increases reliance on analytic processing, which leads to preferences for healthy products. Moreover, the experience of awe exerts a stronger influence on product choices among consumers with a chronic intuitive rather than analytic processing style (Study 3). Theoretical contributions to the research on awe, information processing, and healthy food preference, as well as practical implications for consumers and marketers, are discussed.     

Sitting In: The Experience of Learning and Practicing Family Therapy through Being a Co-Therapist in Hong Kong

This article explores family therapy trainees’ subjective experiences of working as cotherapists with a supervisory-level therapist in a Chinese context, regarding their perceptions of and positioning in it and also their opinions on the benefits and/or pitfalls of cotherapy. Individual interviews with a total of six cotherapists revealed three themes: (1) Cotherapy was perceived as an experiential learning journey that evolved from anxiety and excitement to empowerment and nurturing; (2) a collaborative master–apprentice relationship of openness, trust, and mutual respect was developed with both sides’ interactive effort, which included common commitment and concern for the client, the supervisor’s awareness and explicit address of the role hierarchy, principle setting prior to the cooperation, and honest pre- and-postsession sharing and discussion; (3) the dual-purpose supervisor–trainee cotherapy brought direct benefits for all involved parties and for others. The findings have useful implications for integrating treatment and training for optimal training/learning outcomes and for advancing knowledge transfer from senior to junior and from academia to the field, with reference to local cultural characteristics.     

糖尿病分型与治疗：我们还需要走多远

由于糖尿病病因至今未明,虽然临床上多采用ADA糖尿病分型方法,但随着对糖尿病病因及发病机制的研究,出现了许多难以用传统的标准进行分类的疾病状态。有人提出淡化糖尿病分型的争论。笔者认为高血糖仅是一种表现,并不是疾病的本质,慢性低活度炎症状态可能是核心机制之一,机体的这种慢性低活度炎症状态可能与糖尿病肾病、抗感染免疫失控以及创伤愈合障碍有关。短时间内控制急性高血糖状态对挽救生命是关键的,但要实现长期是代谢紊乱控制、纠正不良生活习惯、减轻腹内脂肪堆积,进而降低改善机体的慢性炎症状态可能是最全面且安全的唯一措施。