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951.
Charlotte Verdot Stéphane Champely Marc Clément Raphaël Massarelli 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2010,16(1):63-78
To be in prison consists in enduring the enticements of multiple stressors and constraints leading to an unpredictable and often uncontrollable situation. This generates serious health troubles and distress in the population living in prison. Physical Exercise (PE) is well acquainted for its benefits in terms of health and as such it seems reasonable to suggest its contribution in ameliorating life conditions among detainees, although the literature on the subject is quite scanty. The present report shows that moderate PE may contribute actively in ameliorating the health status. Notably perceived stress and other psychological factors are significantly improved in a small and particular population of detainees, sex offenders. 相似文献
952.
953.
Henriette Wallén Warner Türker Özkan Timo Lajunen 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2010,13(3):206-214
The aim of the present study was to examine if there are differences in drivers’ propensity to have different types of intelligent speed adaptation installed in their cars depending on the sample of drivers (i.e. Swedish or Turkish), their aberrant driving behaviours (i.e. violations and errors), and/or the technical solution used (i.e. speed limit information, advisory, supportive and intervening systems). A sample of 224 Swedish and 316 Turkish drivers completed a questionnaire including questions based on the driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) as well as questions about the drivers’ propensity to have different types of intelligent speed adaptation installed in their cars. The results showed that the Swedish sample of drivers was less positive than the Turkish sample of drivers towards having the advisory, supportive and intervening systems installed. Furthermore, drivers who frequently commit violations were less positive towards having any of these systems installed than were drivers who commit violations less frequently, while drivers who frequently make errors were more positive towards having the systems installed than were drivers who make errors less frequently. Both the Swedish and the Turkish sample of drivers were most positive towards having the speed limit information system installed, followed by the advisory system on second place, the supportive system on third place and lastly the intervening system on fourth place. 相似文献
954.
Ragnar Francén 《The Journal of Ethics》2010,14(2):117-148
Motivational externalists and internalists of various sorts disagree about the circumstances under which it is conceptually
possible to have moral opinions but lack moral motivation. Typically, the evidence referred to are intuitions about whether
people in certain scenarios who lack moral motivation count as having moral opinions. People’s intuitions about such scenarios
diverge, however. I argue that the nature of this diversity is such that, for each of the internalist and externalist theses, there is a strong prima facie reason to reject it. That much might not be very
controversial. But I argue further, that it also gives us a strong prima facie reason to reject all of these theses. This is possible since there is an overlooked alternative option to accepting any of them: moral motivation pluralism, the view that different internalist and externalist theses correctly accounts for different people’s concepts of moral opinions, respectively. I
end the paper with a discussion of methodological issues relevant to the argument for moral motivation pluralism and of the
consequences of this view for theories about the nature of moral opinions, such as cognitivism and non-cognitivism. 相似文献
955.
Mònica González Germà Coenders Marc Saez Ferran Casas 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2010,11(3):335-352
In this article we defend that the adoption of a non-linear approach, theoretically framed on complexity theories can make
some contribution to the bottom-up approach, which explains the levels of satisfaction with life as a whole through the combination
of the levels of satisfaction in different life domains. Two approaches have been tested: (Rojas in J Happiness Stud 7:467–497,
2006) constant elasticity of substitution model and the model with quadratic terms and interaction effects (González et al. in
Soc Indic Res 80:267–295, 2006; González et al. in Qual Quant 42:1–21, 2008). In order to prevent obtaining false non-linear relationships they have been analysed twice taking into account or not limited
measurement of satisfaction with life as a whole. Results show that: (a) any of the two non-linear models fits better than
the linear one; (b) any of the models failing to take into account limited measurement fits worse; (c) the non-linear model
with quadratic terms and interaction effects fits better than Rojas’. The implications for the study of psychological well-being
are discussed. 相似文献
956.
Maria del Mar Salinas-Jiménez Joaquín Artés Javier Salinas-Jiménez 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2010,11(6):779-793
This paper focuses on how different types of motivations can condition satisfaction with life, studying whether individual
heterogeneity in motivations affects the relationship between income and life satisfaction and whether the relationship between
motivation and satisfaction differs for people in different income-groups. Data used in this study comes from the World Values
Survey and the focus is placed on the relationship between income, motivation and satisfaction with life. Once variables such
as gender, age, religion, health or education are controlled for, we find that different motivations significantly affect
individual wellbeing. Moreover, our results suggest that moving from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation leads individuals to
enjoy greater satisfaction with life. This is so independent of the level of income, but the role of intrinsic motivation
is particularly significant for people in the low-income class. Life satisfaction also increases, within extrinsic motivation,
when moving from importance placed on a good income to focusing on security and, within intrinsic motivation, when moving
from emphasis placed on social relatedness to an increased feeling of accomplishment. Overall, our results suggest that different
goals and intended outcomes condition individual’s perceptions of wellbeing, with intrinsic motivations being crucial in attaining
greater levels of satisfaction with life. 相似文献
957.
Cuevas I Gérard B Plaza P Lerens E Collignon O Grandin C De Volder AG Renier L 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(4):1072-1078
We describe the development and evaluation of a computer-controlled system for delivering odors in a magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) environment. The system allows a timely presentation of different odors in synchrony with MRI sequences and participant’s
inspiration phase. The rise/fall time of odor deliverance has been optimized to generate prompt and strong stimulations. Equipped
with a user-friendly programming interface, the system can be used reliably in a wide range of experimental paradigms. We
have paid particular attention to developing a portable system that is relatively easy, rapid, and inexpensive to replicate.
The equipment has been tested in a 3-Tesla MRI in a boxcar paradigm, in which stimulation conditions alternated with rest
periods (no stimulation). The experiment demonstrated the good functioning of the device and its efficiency in producing the
expected activation in the olfactory cortex; it also revealed some methodological and technical aspects to be improved. 相似文献
958.
José M. Reales Avilés Francisco Muñoz Muñoz Dieter Kleinböhl Manuel Sebastián Soledad Ballesteros Jiménez 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):547-555
The study of touch has recently grown, due mainly to the extensive use of several types of actuators that stimulate several
subsystems of touch. There is a widespread interest in applying these mechanisms to the study of the neurophysiological correlates
of tactual perception. In this article, we present a new device (the tactile spinning wheel [TSW]) for delivering textured
surfaces to the finger pad. The TSW allows one to control several parameters of the stimulation (angular speed, texture, etc.)
and, connected to an EEG recording system, makes it possible to study neural electrophysiological events. The device consists
of a rotating platform on which the tactile stimuli are fixed, a system that synchronizes stimuli onset with the EEG system,
and an electronic interface that controls the platform. We present the technical details of the TSW, its calibration, and
some experimental results we have obtained with this device. 相似文献
959.
The main objective of this study is to investigate the abstract-concrete dichotomy by introducing a new variable: the mode
of acquisition (MoA) of a concept. MoA refers to the way in which concepts are acquired: through experience, through language,
or through both. We asked 250 participants to rate 417 words on seven dimensions: age of acquisition, concreteness, familiarity,
context availability, imageability, abstractness, and MoA. The data were analyzed by considering MoA ratings and their relationship
with the other psycholinguistic variables. Distributions for concreteness, abstractness, and MoA ratings indicate that they
are qualitatively different. A partial correlation analysis revealed that MoA is an independent predictor of concreteness
or abstractness, and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed MoA as being a valid predictor of abstractness.
Strong correlations with measures for the English translation equivalents in the MRC database confirmed the reliability of
our norms. The full database of MoA ratings and other psycholinguistic variables may be downloaded from http:// brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental
or www.abstract-project.eu. 相似文献
960.
Echterhoff G Higgins ET Kopietz R Groll S 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2008,137(1):3-21
After tuning their message to suit their audience's attitude, communicators' own memories for the original information (e.g., a target person's behaviors) often reflect the biased view expressed in their message--producing an audience-congruent memory bias. Exploring the motivational circumstances of message production, the authors investigated whether this bias depends on the goals driving audience tuning. In 4 experiments, the memory bias was found to a greater extent when audience tuning served the creation of a shared reality than when it served alternative, nonshared reality goals (being polite toward a stigmatized-group audience; obtaining incentives; being entertaining; complying with a blatant demand). In addition, the authors found that these effects were mediated by the epistemic trust in the audience-congruent view but not by the rehearsal or accurate retrieval of the original input information, the ability to discriminate between the original and the message information, or a contrast away from extremely tuned messages. The central role of epistemic trust, a measure of the communicators' experience of shared reality, was supported in meta-analyses across the experiments. 相似文献