The Others: Finding and Counting America's Invisible Churches

The 2010 U. S. Religious Census: Religious Congregations and Membership Survey (RCMS) is the most comprehensive picture of U.S. religious life, county by county. How thorough is the RCMS in covering local religious groups? To answer this question, three county snapshots were performed with collected data compared to the RCMS 2010 reported numbers. Data suggest that there has been an underreport by as much as 25 percent of the number of local congregations in these counties. New and emerging religious movements and denominations as well as ethnic congregations comprise much of this percentage, making it more imperative for scholars to develop methodologies and frameworks in order to capture these “others” and invisible churches in America.     

关于儿童言语发展连续性与非连续性争论的进展

语言发展的结构主义观点强调咿呀发音和正式言语发展之间的非连续性,并且多年来始终是儿童言语获得方面的一种主导性理论,由此导致对儿童前言语发音行为的忽视。为了寻求言语发展的前体（ｐｒｅｃｕｓｏｒ）,从６０年代中期开始,发展心理学家增加对儿童前言语发音行为的研究,并在儿童前言语发音和正式言语的比较性研究中不断找到证据支持言语发展的连续性观点,但即使一些支持言语发展连续性主张的研究人员也承认在发音行为的某些方面存在着发展的非连续性。     

Inclusive strategies for restraining aggression—lessons from classical Chinese culture[1]

An extensive body of Chinese philosophical thought suggests a redefinition of international security in terms of a non‐threatening formulation of Comprehensive Security. In one culture viewed as particularly ‘strategic’, i.e. Chinese culture, we find strong traditions of inclusive, non‐aggressive forms of security. Mo Tzu and the school of Mohism (5th‐3rd centuries BC) developed a rigorous body of thought and practice based on universal regard, the protection of small states, and disesteem for aggressive wars. This is paralleled by a more general emphasis in the classical Chinese philosophical and political tradition on the means of civilisation (wen) over the methods of brute warfare (wu). In modem regional crises such as the dispute between Taiwan and the PRC (People's Republic of China), it is crucial to engage the wen (cultured) aspect of the political tradition. In this context, deterrence of aggression by reciprocal threats is only a short‐term solution.     

Becoming a Secondary Survivor of Sexual Assault

A model of secondary-survivor (R. Remer & Elliott, 1988a, 1988b) healing is presented based on the experiences of male partners attending a support group. The focus is on both the resources and strengths required for becoming a secondary survivor and the difficulties often encountered in coordinating individual and relationship aspects of healing. Particular stress is given the need to develop and maintain a balanced, interdependent perspective, one that is fair to both secondary and primary victims engaged in the healing process. The role of counselors and therapists in promoting optimal interaction is also suggested.     

A COMPARISON OF TIME DELAY AND DECREASING PROMPT HIERARCHY STRATEGIES IN TEACHING BANKING SKILLS TO STUDENTS WITH MODERATE HANDICAPS

Four students with moderate handicaps were taught to cash checks and to use an automatic teller through either a decreasing prompt hierarchy or time delay procedure. The strategies were compared within a multielement design. Results indicated that both strategies led to the acquisition of the target tasks; however, the decreasing prompt hierarchy was more efficient. Four and 8-week follow-up probes indicated that the strategies were equally effective in producing maintenance of performance.     

A Comparison of Rubrics for Identifying Empirically Supported Practices with Single-Case Research

The use of single-case research methods for validating academic and behavioral interventions has gained considerable attention in recent years. As such, there has been a proliferation of methods for evaluating whether, and to what extent, primary research reports provide evidence of intervention effectiveness. Despite the recent interest in harnessing single-case research to identify empirically supported strategies, examination of these tools has revealed that there is a lack of consistency in the methodological criteria sampled and scoring procedures used to evaluate primary research reports. The present study examined the extent to which various evidence rubrics addressed specific methodological features of single-case research and classified studies into similar evidence categories. Results indicated that the methodological criteria included within rubrics tended to vary, particularly for criteria related to determining the generality of the intervention under study. Moreover, there was substantial discordance observed in the evidence classifications assigned to reviewed studies. These findings are discussed in the context of the still-developing nature of single-case evidence reviews. Recommendations for both research and practice are provided.