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971.
Diane A. Koch Michael J. Chandler David W. Harder Katherine F. Paget 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》1982,3(1):11-21
This study sought to explore the possible relationship between parental style of psychological defense and children's social competence in 50 families in which one parent had been hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder. Based upon a formal analysis of the logical transformations inherent in various defense mechanisms, three levels of complexity of defenses were identified, along with a counterpart set of cognitive operations necessary for decoding these defense levels. It was hypothesized that children lacking the requisite cognitive skills to grasp the logical complexities of their disturbed parent's primary mode of psychological defense would be less socially adjusted and judged less competent than children who could understand the defensive transformations of their parent. The results suggested that children who, due to their cognitive immaturity, are potentially 相似文献
972.
John S. Watson Louise A. Hayes Peter Vietze 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》1982,3(3):191-203
An 8-month-old infant with a developmental quotient of months was given response-contingent stimulation using a pressure-sensitive pillow which turned an overhead mobile. The subject learned to control the mobile by kicking the pillow, and concurrently began smiling at both the mobile and her mother for the first time. After mastering three contingencies on arm, head, and leg movement, she displayed what appeared to be a Piagetian coordinated secondary circular reaction, in which one response provided 4 seconds of access to another contingency. Although the subject remains severely retarded, the results suggest that some forms of developmental delay may be treated at least in part as a failure to develop contingency awareness. 相似文献
973.
P. F. Haddad 《Personality and individual differences》1982,3(4):461-463
The personalities of 51 women who wished to avoid obstetric intervention and to adopt alternative delivery positions were assessed. The EPQ was completed by the women and their consorts. The women were slightly higher on tough-mindedness (Psychoticism), more extra-verted and had lower dissimulation (Lie scores), than the average woman. Their Neuroticism scores were within the normal range for their age group. The personality scores for their consorts did not differ from the normal population. 相似文献
974.
In three experiments, subjects were asked to memorize related phrase pairs and then to produce one of these phrases from a cue. In Experiment 1, it was found that both memorization times and response latencies increased with the number of words that differed between the phrases. In Experiment 2 and 3, it was shown that the presence of a strong modifying or semantic relationship between words in one phrase influenced both memorization time and response latency when those same words were contrasted between the two phrases. The implications of the results for models of storage, retrieval, and planning of speech are considered. 相似文献
975.
Two experiments are reported on the effects of sleepstate on performance in a same/different matching task, where two visual signals are presented under visual angles of either 10°, 45°, or 100°. The first study showed a stronger effect of sleep-loss at a more wide display. The effect consists of two parts: one is interpreted as due to the initiation and execution of the shift of gaze from the one to the other signal, and the other to the requirement of integrating successively perceived signals. These interpretations were tested in the second study. It was found that a more pronounced effect of sleep loss occurred when two signals are successively presented, but not when the signals are simultaneously viewed, while preceded by a shift of gaze. The implications of the data are discussed. 相似文献
976.
The behavioural treatment of auditory hallucinations in three chronic schizophrenic patients is reported. Two treatment conditions, one in which white noise followed hallucinations and a second in which white noise was presented during reported hallucinations, were contrasted in a crossover design with a control condition where white noise was presented randomly. All three patients improved, although reported reductions in hallucinations were more marked in two cases than in the third. Some generalization of treatment effects was observed in all three patients. White noise presented concurrently with hallucinatory reports appeared to be the most effective. The implication of these findings for a theory of auditory hallucinations is discussed. 相似文献
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980.
Winett RA Hatcher JW Fort TR Leckliter IN Love SQ Riley AW Fishback JF 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1982,15(3):381-402
Two studies were conducted in all-electric townhouses and apartments in the winter (N = 83) and summer (N = 54) to ascertain how energy conservation strategies focusing on thermostat change and set-backs and other low-cost/no-cost approaches would affect overall electricity use and electricity used for heating and cooling, the home thermal environment, the perceived comfort of participants, and clothing that was worn. The studies assessed the effectiveness of videotape modeling programs that demonstrated these conservation strategies when used alone or combined with daily feedback on electricity use. In the winter, the results indicated that videotape modeling and/or feedback were effective relative to baseline and to a control group in reducing overall electricity use by about 15% and electricity used for heating by about 25%. Hygrothermographs, which accurately and continuously recorded temperature and humidity in the homes, indicated that participants were able to live with no reported loss in comfort and no change in attire at a mean temperature of about 62 degrees F when home and about 59 degrees F when asleep. The results were highly discrepant with prior laboratory studies indicating comfort at 75 degrees F with the insulation value of the clothing worn by participants in this study. In the summer, a combination of strategies designed to keep a home cool with minimal or no air conditioning, in conjunction with videotape modeling and/or daily feedback, resulted in overall electricity reductions of about 15% with reductions on electricity for cooling of about 34%, but with feedback, and feedback and modeling more effective than modeling alone. Despite these electricity savings, hygrothermograph recordings indicated minimal temperature change in the homes, with no change in perceived comfort or clothing worn. The results are discussed in terms of discrepancies with laboratory studies, optimal combinations of video-media and personal contact to promote behavior change, and energy policies that may be mislabeled as sacrificial and underestimate the effectiveness of conservation strategies such as those investigated in these studies. 相似文献