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191.
Rasmussen KA Slish ML Wingate LR Davidson CL Grant DM 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2012,42(2):121-128
The perception of being a burden to others has been associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Maladaptive aspects of perfectionism have also been associated with suicidal thinking and behavior. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether perceived burdensomeness would act as a mediator between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal ideation. Results indicated that perceived burdensomeness mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal ideation, which suggest that the perception of burdensomeness may be one aspect of the mechanism by which perfectionism can lead to such psychological distress that it becomes a predictor of suicidal ideation. Clinical implications of this relationship are discussed. 相似文献
192.
We examined the joint role of constructive and destructive interparental conflict in predicting children's emotional insecurity and psychological problems. In Study 1, 250 early adolescents (M = 12.6 years) and their primary caregivers completed assessments of family and child functioning. In Study 2, 201 mothers and their 2-year-old children participated in a multimethod, longitudinal design with 3 annual measurement occasions. Findings from structural equation modeling in both studies revealed that children's emotional insecurity in the interparental relationship mediated associations between destructive interparental conflict and children's psychological problems even after including constructive conflict and family and child covariates as predictors. Conversely, emotional insecurity was not a mediator of associations between constructive interparental conflict and children's psychological problems when destructive interparental conflict was specified as a risk factor in the analyses. The results are consistent with the evolutionary reformulation of emotional security theory and the resulting primacy ascribed to destructive interparental conflict in accounting for individual differences in children's emotional insecurity and its pathogenic implications (Davies & Sturge-Apple, 2007). 相似文献
193.
Emily Sigalow Michelle Shain Meredith R. Bergey 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2012,51(2):304-323
Using data from the first wave of the Portraits of American Life Study (PALS), we consider the extent to which people report that religious factors influence their decisions about career choice, marriage, residency, and number of children. We find significant positive relationships between the importance of religion or religious faith and the perceived influence of religious factors on one's choice of occupation, decision about whether or whom to marry, decision about where to live, and decision about how many children to have. We also observe significant interactions between the importance of religion or religious faith and religious tradition, but we find no consistent patterns across our decision‐making outcomes. Our preliminary conclusions raise significant questions about the broader relationship between religion, perception, and decision making. 相似文献
194.
Kate E. Fiske Amy P. Cohen Meredith J. Bamond Lara Delmolino Robert H. LaRue Kimberly N. Sloman 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2014,23(4):470-487
A common recommendation for teaching skills to children with autism is to apply differential reinforcement by reserving high-quality reinforcement for unprompted responses (Sundberg and Partington in Teaching language to children with autism or other developmental disabilities, Behavior Analysts Inc., Pleasant Hill, 1998). Earlier research focuses primarily on schedules or quality of reinforcement, rather than magnitude of reinforcement, when evaluating the use of differential reinforcement in practice. The utility of magnitude-based differential reinforcement may be dependent upon evidence that a learner responds differentially to large and small amounts of reinforcement such that he or she selects the large amount of reinforcement over the small amount of reinforcement and engages in more responses that produce the relatively larger magnitude reinforcement. Three individuals with autism participated in a treatment comparison of differential reinforcement. The manipulation of magnitude of differential reinforcement in a skill acquisition program did not have an appreciable effect on the rate of acquisition for any of the three participants. 相似文献
195.
196.
Robert Klitzman Wendy Chung Karen Marder Anita Shanmugham Lisa J. Chin Meredith Stark Cheng-Shiun Leu Paul S. Appelbaum 《Journal of genetic counseling》2013,22(1):90-100
Many questions remain concerning whether, when, and how physicians order genetic tests, and what factors are involved in their decisions. We surveyed 220 internists from two academic medical centers about their utilization of genetic testing. Rates of genetic utilizations varied widely by disease. Respondents were most likely to have ordered tests for Factor V Leiden (16.8 %), followed by Breast/Ovarian Cancer (15.0 %). In the past 6 months, 65 % had counseled patients on genetic issues, 44 % had ordered genetic tests, 38.5 % had referred patients to a genetic counselor or geneticist, and 27.5 % had received ads from commercial labs for genetic testing. Only 4.5 % had tried to hide or disguise genetic information, and <2 % have had patients report genetic discrimination. Only 53.4 % knew of a geneticist/genetic counselor to whom to refer patients. Most rated their knowledge as very/somewhat poor concerning genetics (73.7 %) and guidelines for genetic testing (87.1 %). Most felt needs for more training on when to order tests (79 %), and how to counsel patients (82 %), interpret results (77.3 %), and maintain privacy (80.6 %). Physicians were more likely to have ordered a genetic test if patients inquired about genetic testing (p?<?.001), and if physicians had a geneticist/genetic counselor to whom to refer patients (p?<?.002), had referred patients to a geneticist/genetic counselor in the past 6 months, had more comfort counseling patients about testing (p?<?.019), counseled patients about genetics, larger practices (p?<?.032), fewer African-American patients (p?<?.027), and patients who had reported genetic discrimination (p?<?.044). In a multiple logistic regression, ordering a genetic test was associated with patients inquiring about testing, having referred patients to a geneticist/genetic counselor and knowing how to order tests. These data suggest that physicians recognize their knowledge deficits, and are interested in training. These findings have important implications for future medical practice, research, and education. 相似文献
197.
John E. Kurtz Meredith A. Puher Nicole A. Cross 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(6):630-637
Summary: While the Activity Preference Questionnaire (APQ) appears to provide unusually pure and subtle measures of anxiety proneness, its forced choice format involves several drawbacks. Data are presented which suggest that a rating format can be used which avoids the disadvantages of the forced choice format but incorporates its advantages. 相似文献
198.
Susannah B. F. Paletz Meredith M. Hughes Arlouwe Sumer Claudia M. Brugman Michael Bunting 《Military psychology》2013,25(6):528-546
Regional proficiency is a multidimensional construct created by the Department of Defense (DoD) to characterize a person’s knowledge of a region’s social, economic, political, and linguistic features. The Regional Proficiency Assessment Tool (RPAT) was designed to capture the regional proficiency of the military workforce. The RPAT collects biographical self-report data (e.g., professional travel, language test scores) to provide military personnel with scores for each dimension of regional proficiency (e.g., study of a region, utility of language skills) for each of the different global regions. Cluster scores combine to render the overall ratings. In two studies, we provide evidence for the RPAT’s construct validity. In Study 1, 44 military participants completed the RPAT and individual difference measures. Aggregated, person-level RPAT ratings and appropriate cluster scores were moderately positively associated with cultural intelligence (.35–.47), but unrelated with self-reported cognitive styles and the Big Five personality dimensions, except for negative correlations with neuroticism. In Study 2, 11 subject matter experts rated the estimated RP of individuals by several world regions via reading narrative biographical sketches. The aggregate of the expert ratings was strongly, positively associated with the RPAT ratings (M across regions = .72), and was moderately correlated with cultural intelligence (.38–.48). This finding suggests that the RPAT provides assessments in line with the best of current practice (individual expert heuristic judgments), and that cultural intelligence assessments cannot replace the RPAT. Future research can examine the validity of the RPAT across larger samples and using different types of validation. 相似文献
199.
200.
We investigated differences in self-concept between 360 only children and 555 sibling children in the sixth grade of three urban schools and three rural schools in the People's Republic of China. Peer perceptions and teacher perceptions were also collected using sociometric measures. Self-concept was determined by the Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985). Comparisons of sibling children and only children showed no differences on self-concept; however, urban residents had higher self-concept scores than children from rural areas, and boys scored higher than girls. No significant interaction effects between sibling status, gender, and residence were found. 相似文献