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861.
Matthew E. Mundy 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(1):9-14
Explanations for the cognitive basis of the Müller-Lyer illusion are still
frustratingly mixed. To date, Day’s (1989)
theory of perceptual compromise has received little empirical attention. In this
study, we examine the merit of Day’s hypothesis for the Müller-Lyer illusion by
biasing participants toward global or local visual processing through exposure
to Navon (1977) stimuli, which are known
to alter processing level preference for a short time. Participants
(N = 306) were randomly allocated to global, local, or
control conditions. Those in global or local conditions were exposed to Navon
stimuli for 5 min and participants were required to report on the global or
local stimulus features, respectively. Subsequently, participants completed a
computerized Müller-Lyer experiment where they adjusted the length of a line to
match an illusory-figure. The illusion was significantly stronger for
participants with a global bias, and significantly weaker for those with a local
bias, compared with the control condition. These findings provide empirical
support for Day’s “conflicting cues” theory of perceptual compromise in the
Müller-Lyer illusion. 相似文献
862.
Matthew Mundy E. Andrea Sadusky 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(2):39-48
Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) appear to possess abnormalities
in the way they observe and discriminate visual information. A pre-occupation
with perceived defects in appearance has been attributed to a local visual
processing bias. We studied the nature of visual bias in individuals who may be
at risk of developing BDD – those with high body image concerns (BICs) – by
using inverted stimulus discrimination. Inversion disrupts global, configural
information in favor of local, feature-based processing. 40 individuals with
high BIC and 40 low BIC controls performed a discrimination task with upright
and inverted faces, bodies, and scenes. Individuals with high BIC discriminated
inverted faces and bodies faster than controls, and were also more accurate when
discriminating inverted bodies and scenes. This reduction in inversion effect
for high BIC individuals may be due to a stimulus-general local, detail-focused
processing bias, which may be associated with maladaptive fixation on small
features in their appearance. 相似文献
863.
Matthew Mosdell 《Canadian journal of philosophy》2015,45(4):538-559
Epistemicism is the view that seemingly vague predicates are not in fact vague. Consequently, there must be a sharp boundary between a man who is bald and one who is not bald. Although such a view is often met with incredulity, my aim is to provide a defense of epistemicism in this essay. My defense, however, is backhanded: I argue that the formal commitments of epistemicism are the result of good practical reasoning, not metaphysical necessity. To get to that conclusion, I spend most of the essay arguing that using a formal system like classical logic to manage seemingly vague situations requires practical principles to mediate between the formalism and what it aims to represent. 相似文献
864.
Effects of the Student Success Skills Program on Executive Functioning Skills,Feelings of Connectedness,and Academic Achievement in a Predominantly Hispanic,Low‐Income Middle School District 下载免费PDF全文
Matthew E. Lemberger James P. Selig Hannah Bowers Jennifer E. Rogers 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2015,93(1):25-37
The authors examined the effects of the Student Success Skills program on executive functioning, feelings of connectedness, and academic achievement of a sample of 193 middle school students in a predominantly Hispanic and economically challenged school district in the southwestern United States. Using multilevel regression analyses in a two‐level randomized design, the authors found treatment effects for multiple executive functioning scales, feelings of connectedness to classmates, and mathematics and reading achievement. 相似文献
865.
A variety of mechanisms contribute to word learning. Learners can track co‐occurring words and referents across situations in a bottom‐up manner (cross‐situational word learning, CSWL). Equally, they can exploit sentential contexts, relying on top–down information such as verb–argument relations and world knowledge, offering immediate constraints on meaning (word learning based on sentence‐level constraints, SLCL). When combined, CSWL and SLCL potentially modulate each other's influence, revealing how word learners deal with multiple mechanisms simultaneously: Do they use all mechanisms? Prefer one? Is their strategy context dependent? Three experiments conducted with adult learners reveal that learners prioritize SLCL over CSWL. CSWL is applied in addition to SLCL only if SLCL is not perfectly disambiguating, thereby complementing or competing with it. These studies demonstrate the importance of investigating word‐learning mechanisms simultaneously, revealing important characteristics of their interaction in more naturalistic learning environments. 相似文献
866.
Joanne Armstrong Michele Toscano Nancy Kotchko Sue Friedman Marc D. Schwartz Katherine S. Virgo Kristian Lynch James E. Andrews Claudia X. Aguado Loi Joseph E. Bauer Carolina Casares Rachel Threet Teten Matthew R. Kondoff Ashley D. Molina Mehrnaz Abdollahian Lana Brand Gregory S. Walker Rebecca Sutphen 《Journal of genetic counseling》2015,24(1):18-28
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