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111.
Question of the nature of the liability and damage repairable in case of failure in the delivery of health information since 2010 is in the heart of debates. Progressively, there is an autonomy movement of the disclosure and together with a detachment of prejudice to the notion of loss of chance. This information is particularly expected when the practitioner uses a product outside of the authorization for placing on the market. 相似文献
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The purpose of this article is to compare the theory and reality of agricultural research networks in sub-Saharan Africa.
Networking is a mode of organization that generally suits the new environmental conditions. The analysis of the agricultural
research network environment in sub-Saharan Africa shows that when institutional networks started to proliferate, human and
institutional conditions were not yet ripe. This explained some of the problems. Nowadays, conditions have improved. Despite
all difficulties, networks have contributed to creating a scientific community, have participated in apportioning and even
harmonizing research activities, and have made it possible to maintain research activities in countries going through a crisis.
Marie de Lattre-Gasquet is a researcher from the Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement
(CIRAD), in France. Within the external relations directorate of CIRAD, she has been responsible for the relationships between
CIRAD and international organizations. She has also actively participated in the preparation of CIRAD’s long-term strategy.
She worked for the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) in The Netherlands from 1983 to 1985.
She holds a Master in International Management (AGSIM, Thunderbird Campus) and a Doctorate in Economy (Université de Paris
X).
He is mostly working on the agricultural research networks in sub-Saharan Africa. He holds a diploma from the Institut National
d’Agronomie—Paris Grignon. 相似文献
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116.
Pehlivan Seda Süner Ali Yıldırım Yasemin Fadıloğlu Çiçek 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(4):1497-1508
Journal of Religion and Health - The study was conducted to determine the levels of usage of complementary and integrative health (CIH) approaches and the symptoms experienced by Turkish patients... 相似文献
117.
Carlos R. X. Cançado Josele Abreu‐Rodrigues Raquel Moreira Aló Flávia Hauck Adam H. Doughty 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2018,109(1):176-193
The effects of the response–reinforcer dependency on resistance to change were studied in three experiments with rats. In Experiment 1, lever pressing produced reinforcers at similar rates after variable interreinforcer intervals in each component of a two‐component multiple schedule. Across conditions, in the fixed component, all reinforcers were response‐dependent; in the alternative component, the percentage of response‐dependent reinforcers was 100, 50 (i.e., 50% response‐dependent and 50% response‐independent) or 10% (i.e., 10% response‐dependent and 90% response‐independent). Resistance to extinction was greater in the alternative than in the fixed component when the dependency in the former was 10%, but was similar between components when this dependency was 100 or 50%. In Experiment 2, a three‐component multiple schedule was used. The dependency was 100% in one component and 10% in the other two. The 10% components differed on how reinforcers were programmed. In one component, as in Experiment 1, a reinforcer had to be collected before the scheduling of other response‐dependent or independent reinforcers. In the other component, response‐dependent and ‐independent reinforcers were programmed by superimposing a variable‐time schedule on an independent variable‐interval schedule. Regardless of the procedure used to program the dependency, resistance to extinction was greater in the 10% components than in the 100% component. These results were replicated in Experiment 3 in which, instead of extinction, VT schedules replaced the baseline schedules in each multiple‐schedule component during the test. We argue that the relative change in dependency from Baseline to Test, which is greater when baseline dependencies are high rather than low, could account for the differential resistance to change in the present experiments. The inconsistencies in results across the present and previous experiments suggest that the effects of dependency on resistance to change are not well understood. Additional systematic analyses are important to further understand the effects of the response–reinforcer relation on resistance to change and to the development of a more comprehensive theory of behavioral persistence. 相似文献
118.
Marta Matos Gonçalves Maria Salomé Pinho Mário R. Simões 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2018,25(2):290-317
We aimed to analyze the construct and concurrent validity of the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP), Paired Associates Learning (PAL), Reaction Time (RTI), and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®). Inclusion criteria were checked in a first session. The CANTAB and additional pencil-and-paper tests were administered within 1 week. The participants (aged 69–96 years) were 137 Portuguese adults without neuropsychiatric diagnoses and 37 adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Comparisons were made between the CANTAB tests and between these tests and the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Verbal Fluency (VF) test, and some Wechsler Memory Scale-III and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III subtests. Most intra-test correlations were stronger than the CANTAB inter-test correlations. The RVP correlated more with VF animals (.44), the PAL with RCFT immediate recall (–.52), the RTI with RVP mean latency (.42), and the SWM with Spatial Span backward (–.39). 相似文献
119.
Pedro F. S. Rodrigues Pedro Bem-Haja Joana França 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2018,15(4):472-480
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children is a self-report instrument inspired on the State-Trait theory extended by Spielberger that measures a momentary state of anxiety (state) and a stable tendency to experience anxiety (trait). This study presents an exploratory adaptation of the Trait Scale and provides its psychometric properties for European Portuguese children and adolescents. The influence of sex and age were also explored. Our sample, composed of 402 participants aged 8–14 years, revealed a mean anxiety value of 28.37 (SD = 5.99). As expected, females revealed higher levels of anxiety than boys. Higher anxiety was obtained in our youngest group as compared to the oldest group. The exploratory factor analysis led to retaining only 16-items that presented acceptable adjustment to a one-factorial solution. Good indexes were obtained in the confirmatory analysis. The results also revealed good internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Our results provide initial evidence that this scale is adequate to measure trait-anxiety in European Portuguese young people. 相似文献
120.
Agnès Condat Nicolas Mendes Véronique Drouineaud Nouria Gründler Chrystelle Lagrange Colette Chiland Jean-Philippe Wolf François Ansermet David Cohen 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2018,13(1):1
Today, thanks to biomedical technologies advances, some persons with fertility issues can conceive. Transgender persons benefit also from these advances and can not only actualize their self-identified sexual identities but also experience parenthood. Based on clinical multidisciplinary seminars that gathered child psychiatrists and psychoanalysts interested in the fields of assisted reproduction technology (ART) and gender dysphoria, philosophers interested in bioethics, biologists interested in ART, and endocrinologists interested in pubertal suppression, we explore how new biotechnical advances, whether in gender transition or procreation, could create new ways to conceive a child possible. After reviewing the various medical/surgical techniques for physical gender transition and the current ART options, we discuss how these new ways for persons to self-actualize and to experience parenthood can not only improve the condition of transgender persons (and the human condition as a whole through greater equity) but also introduce some elements of change in the habitual patterns of thinking especially in France. Finally, we discuss the ethical issues that accompany the arrival of these children and provide creative solutions to help society handle, accept, and support the advances made in this area. 相似文献