在新医学模式指导下预防碘缺乏病

碘缺乏病严重危害人类健康,是最大的、可预防的智力损伤因素。通过“社会动员”,推动防治碘缺乏病（ＩＤＤ）“轮子”运转,使我国消除ＩＤＤ事业有了巨大进步。目前存在的问题可能会影响到该事业的可持续发展。对此,提出一些建议。     

关于青少年应对风格的调查研究

该文采用天津师大编制的应对风格量表对江西省4072名从小学五年级到大学三年级的学生进行了调查,目的是了解青少年应对风格现状及其发展特点,以及性别、独生子女、城乡等因素对应对风格的影响。结果发现：总体而言,青少年应对风格倾向“注重问题的应对策略”,较少采用“注重情绪表达的策略”;在初一年级前后,个体采用的应对方式最为多样化;男女生的应对风格差异在高中后较为明显,男生更倾向于采用“注重问题的应对策略”,女生更倾向于采用“针对情绪的身体策略”;城镇学生的应对方式比农村学生更为多样化,并且更倾向于针对问题本身的策略;家庭收入只对“针对情绪的行为策略”产生影响,高、低两端收入家庭的学生更倾向于采用“针对情绪的行为策略”;是否独生子女在应对风格上不存在显著差异。     

糖皮质激素治疗脓毒血症的策略

脓毒症是由感染所致的破坏性的全身炎症反应综合征,进一步发展可导致多器官功能障碍综合征,甚至休克,成为危重患者最主要的死亡原因之一。糖皮质激素是脓毒症的重要辅助药物,其治疗机制在于其抑制机体的炎症反应,但其使用剂量、疗程、时间一直存在争议。本文通过回顾糖皮质激素在治疗脓毒症的发展历程,深入探讨糖皮质激素治疗脓毒血症的治疗策略。     

托马斯主义的先验转向—麦利切尔对托马斯主义与康德先验哲学的整合

在19世纪末和20世纪初,因罗马天主教延的号召和支持而不断出现的新经院哲学本质上是传统托马斯主义的复兴。麦利切尔首创的“先验托马斯主义”是新经院哲学中既引人注目而又倍受争议的一种新思潮,它致力于托马斯主义与康德先验哲学的对话,并努力将两者有机地整合在一起,从而对托马斯主义进行了先验转向之处理。本文在介绍先验托马斯主义产生的历史背景以及麦利切尔对知识论进行的历史检视和方法论反省的基础上,重点阐述麦利切尔在知识论上对托马斯的形上批判与康德的先验批判进行的有机整合。     

结直肠癌诊断模式的若干思考

结直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,然而在临床上得到诊断时大多已经到了中晚期,错过了最佳的治疗时机。近年来,随着基因相关技术及生物信息技术的迅猛发展,结直肠癌诊断方法得到不断改进,但早期诊断仍不尽如人意。因此现有的诊断模式值得我们去深思,从哲学意义上探索更为完善的诊断模式。     

自编《中小学生非智力因素教师评价量表》的信、效度研究

通过自行编制的《中小学生非智力因素教师评价量表》,以天津市4所中、小学校的4个年级365名学生为被试考察了该量表的质量。研究结果表明：(1)《中小学生非智力因素教师评价量表》具有较高的信度;(2)《中小学生非智力因素教师评价量表》所构想的非智力因素结构模型是完全可以接受的,即有较好的结构效度。     

工作不安全感对员工心理与行为的影响

采用工作不安全感问卷,对不同企业的223名员工进行调查,探讨了工作不安全感中各维度对员工心理与行为的具体影响。结果表明:(1)在工作执行和人际关系不安全感上,男女性别差异显著;在工作丧失、人际关系不安全感、群体组织公民行为以及留职意愿这四个维度上,不同企业类型差异显著。(2)工作丧失、工作执行,人际关系不安全感均对留职意愿有正向预测作用;过度竞争不安全感对群体组织公民行为及个体组织公民行为均有显著的负向预测作用。     

Differential Effect of TEA on Long-Term Synaptic Modification in Hippocampal CA1 and Dentate Gyrus in vitro

The effectiveness of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in inducing long-term synaptic modification is compared in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) in vitro. High-frequency stimulation induces long-term potentiation (LTP) at synapses of both perforant path-DG granule cell and Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell pathways. By contrast, TEA (25 mM) induces long-term depression in DG while inducing LTP in CA1. The mechanisms underlying the differential effect of TEA in CA1 and DG were investigated. It was observed that T-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker, Ni²⁺ (50 μM), partially blocked TEA-induced LTP in CA1. A complete blockade of the TEA-induced LTP occurred when Ni²⁺ was applied together with the NMDA receptor antagonist, D-APV. The L-type VDCC blocker, nifidipine (20 μM), had no effect on CA1 TEA-induced LTP. In DG of the same slice, TEA actually induced long-term depression (LTD) instead of LTP, an effect that was blocked by D-APV. Neither T-type nor L-type VDCC blockade could prevent this LTD. When the calcium concentration in the perfusion medium was increased, TEA induced a weak LTP in DG that was blocked by Ni²⁺. During exposure to TEA, the magnitude of field EPSPs was increased in both CA1 and DG, but the increase was substantially greater in CA1. Tetraethylammonium application also was associated with a large, late EPSP component in CA1 that persisted even after severing the connections between CA3 and CA1. All of the TEA effects in CA1, however, were dramatically reduced by Ni²⁺. The results of this study indicate that TEA indirectly acts via both T-type VDCCs and NMDA receptors in CA1 and, as a consequence, induces LTP. By contrast, TEA indirectly acts via only NMDA receptors in DG and results in LTD. The results raise the possibility of a major synaptic difference in the density and/or distribution of T-type VDCCs and NMDA receptors in CA1 and DG of the rat hippocampus.     

Neuropsychological findings of extrapontine myelinolysis without central pontine myelinolysis

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) are well recognized syndromes related to the rapid correction of hyponatremia, which are reported to show brain stem signs and various movement disorders. Cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychological findings, however, have seldom been reported. Cognitive manifestations in osmotic myelinolysis may have been underestimated due to the prominent brain stem symptoms and movement disorders. We report a case of EPM without CPM and describe the neuropsychological findings of EPM. The absence of CPM in this case made it possible to test neuropsychological function in the acute stage. Neuropsychological testing showed severe impairment of attention, verbal and visual memory, visuospatial function, and frontal/executive function. Language and language-related functions were normal except naming.     

经济法试题DIF的参数法检测研究

该研究基于项目反应理论的Samejima等级反应模型(GRM),在MULTILOG软件支持下,应用参数检测方法,对某年度全国性资格考试的某科目试卷中经济法部分的21个项目做了DIF检测分析。结果如下:存在性别DIF的项目一个,存在民族DIF的项目四个,存在工作性质DIF的项目一个。其中项目68在民族层面上表现为一致性DIF,项目64既存在民族DIF又存在工作性质DIF。通过对项目统计量、反应曲线的分析和专家的讨论,文章最后还分析了产生这些DIF的几个可能的原因。