冠心病患者药物支架的合理应用

药物支架的出现使冠脉成形术产生了质的飞跃,合理地应用药物支架将对患者带来福音.但是药物支架同样有中、晚期血栓形成,再狭窄等弊病.介入医生应从药物支架的适应证、禁忌证,支架操作的技术层面及中国国情,价/效比几个方面详细考虑应用药物支架的得失,遵循指南的建议,使患者获益并保证手术安全是最基本的要求.     

未成年患者的同意能力研究

众所周知,医疗机构必须在取得成年患者的有效同意后才能实施医疗行为.而当患者是未成年人时,这种对医疗行为的同意是否有效呢?对此,国内外法学均未形成统一的定论.通过比较国外医事法学领域相对成熟的同意能力理论,初步建立我国未成年患者的同意能力理论体系,其中评估方法是关键.     

复杂系统控制内隐学习范式的特点研究

在人工语法学习、序列学习以及复杂系统控制这三大内隐学习研究范式中,复杂系统控制范式尝试模拟出入们在实际问题解决过程中可能出现的内隐学习,具有更高的生态效度。对城市交通系统、英国经济学模型、糖生产任务以及人际交互任务等复杂系统控制任务进行研究后,我们得出复杂系统控制范式的特点：任务情境的自然性、学习过程的互动性、系统变化的连续性、系统规则的隐蔽性及内隐-外显学习的混合性等。     

文字与图片呈现形成想象空间记忆的比较

学习通过文字或图片方式显示的空间布局材料之后,采用空间定位任务．分别检验在不同朝向和相对位置的条件下,对想象空间方位判断的差异。结果表明,使用图片进行空间布局的学习,记忆后再各自以同样显示形式进行空间定位任务时,判断的速度比使用文字的反应时要快;同时,无论是文字还是图片形式呈现．在进行想象转向时．都会呈现朝向效应和相对位置效应。     

狭义情绪的神经—心理机制

在新近人们对情绪神经机制的探索中,很多研究成果都在表明,在通常概念下的人的情绪感受中,不仅有那种含有喜厌态度的更严格意义上的情绪成分,还有直接来自各种内外感官上的认知性感知觉成分。本文的目的是运用新近的情绪心理学研究成果,仅以情绪内在体验中的含有喜厌态度的心理成分作为情绪的心理实体,对其的神经—心理机制进行一些尝试性的解释,以期使通常概念情绪感受中的情绪成分和感觉成分更具可辨性。     

The lasting impression of chairman Mao: hyperfidelity of familiar-face memory

We examined the accuracy of a highly-familiar-face representation in memory. In experiment 1, a famous portrait of Chairman Mao was digitally altered in terms of the distance between his two eyes, two pixels at a time. Mainland Chinese adults were shown the original or altered photos, one at a time, and asked to determine whether each was that of Chairman Mao or altered. Eastern Asian and Caucasian participants, who were unfamiliar with Mao's photo, were shown simultaneously the original face paired with the altered ones and asked to determine whether the photos were identical. The Mainland Chinese participants' memory threshold approximated the perceptual discrimination threshold of the Eastern Asian and Caucasian participants. Experiments 2 and 3 ruled out that the result of experiment I was due to artifacts of photographic alteration. The findings of the present study suggest that our memory of a very familiar face is highly accurate, at least in terms of the interocular configuration. The accuracy is perhaps only limited by the perceptual resolution capacity of our visual system.     

Event-related potentials in adolescents with combined ADHD and CD disorder: a single stimulus paradigm

Some studies of the event-related potentials demonstrated a reduction of the voluntary component P3 (P300 or P3b) in youngsters with the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or in conduct disorders (CD), and a reduction of the automatic processing component, mismatch negativity, in patients with both ADHD and CD (ADHD+CD). Recently, a passive auditory P3 potential has been elicited by a single stimulus. We therefore tried this potential study in 20 healthy subjects and 20 teenagers with ADHD+CD to search for further evidence of the altered automatic cerebral processing in the latter. Subjects also answered a self-report Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP). The patient group scored significantly higher on most DAPP traits that reflect problems of emotion control, showed significantly prolonged P2, N2, and P3, and reduced P3. In all subjects Stimulus Seeking was positively correlated with P3 latencies at Fz, Cz, and Pz, and with P3 amplitude at Cz. This study suggests that youngsters with ADHD+CD had pronounced emotion dysregulation, and prominent deficit in passive attention, as reflected by the automatic processing of auditory stimuli.     

The influence of averaging and noisy decision strategies on the recognition memory ROC

Many single- and dual-process models of recognition memory predict that the ratings and remember-know receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) are the same, but Rotello, Macmillan, and Reeder (2004) reported that the slopes of the remember-know and ratingsz-transformed ROCs (zROCs) are different. The authors show that averaging introduces nonlinearities to the form of thezROC and that ratings and remember-knowzROCs are indistinguishable when constructed in a conventional manner. The authors show, further, that some nonoptimal decision strategies have a distinctive, nonlinear effect on the form of the single-process continuous-statezROC. The conclusion is that many factors having nothing to do with the nature of recognition memory can affect the shape ofzROCs, and that therefore, the shape of thezROC does not, alone, characterize different memory models.     

Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don't: the role of context and clarity of feelings

Using a mood-as-input model, the authors identified conditions under which negative moods are positively related, and positive moods are negatively related, to creative performance. Among a sample of workers in an organizational unit charged with developing creative designs and manufacturing techniques, the authors hypothesized and found that negative moods were positively related to creative performance when perceived recognition and rewards for creative performance and clarity of feelings (a metamood process) were high. The authors also hypothesized and found that positive moods were negatively related to creative performance when perceived recognition and rewards for creativity and clarity of feelings were high.     

知情同意在中国不适用吗——“文化差异论”的认知错误

知情同意是在当代生命伦理学中最有影响的概念,在大多数西方国家它已成为医疗实践和涉及人体的医学科学研究的一个基本的伦理要求。不少西方和中国学者认为,由于中西文化显著而根本的差异,知情同意不适宜于中国。指出了“文化差异论”的三个认知错误,即,文化差异论是建立在对中国文化和医学道德、西方文化以及知情同意的一系列误解之上的。基于文化的差异而拒绝知情同意在中国的适用性和必要性,显然不能成立。