慢性应激对大鼠行为和免疫细胞热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的：研究慢性不确定应激对大鼠急性整体热水浴后外周血和脾脏免疫细胞热休克蛋白70（Heat shock protein 70, HSP70）表达的影响。方法：随机将大鼠分成慢性应激组和控制组（每组14只）。通过4周的慢性不确定性应激诱发实验组大鼠明显的抑郁行为,此期间控制组大鼠正常饲养。随后给予大鼠42度整体热水浴刺激,维持直肠温度41度25min。热刺激后6h,采用流式细胞仪测定大鼠外周血和脾脏免疫细胞HSP70 水平。结果：与控制组大鼠相比,慢性应激大鼠在急性热刺激后HSP70合成明显减少。控制组大鼠的所有被检测的免疫细胞热应激后HSP70合成均明显增加。相反,慢性应激大鼠仅在外周血的单核细胞和粒细胞检测到HSP70合成增加,同时升高的水平明显低于控制组大鼠。结论：慢性应激降低大鼠免疫细胞HSP70的热诱导反应,提示HSP70保护性作用减弱可能参与了慢性应激损害免疫细胞功能的生物学过程     

Exploring correlations between positive psychological resources and symptoms of psychological distress among hematological cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

Hematological cancer patients experience high levels of psychological distress during diagnoses and intensive treatments. The aim of the present study is to explore the effects of positive psychological resources on depressive and anxiety symptoms in hematological cancer patients. This survey was conducted in a hospital during the period from July 2013 to April 2014. A total of 300 inpatients were recruited and finally 227 of them completed the questionnaires. Questionnaires included demographic and clinical variables, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Life Orientation Scale-Revised, the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Resilience Scale-14. Results showed that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 66.1 and 45.8%, respectively. Both optimism (β = ?.479, p < .001) and resilience (β = ?.174, p < .05) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and optimism (β = ?.393, p < .001) was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms. However, resilience (β = ?.133, p > .05) was not significantly associated with anxiety symptoms, and self-efficacy was not significantly associated with depressive (β = ?.032, p > .05) or anxiety symptoms (β = ?.055, p > .05). The results suggest that hematological cancer patients who possess high levels of positive psychological resources may have fewer symptoms of psychological distress. The findings indicate that enhancing positive psychological resources can be considered in developing intervention strategies for decreasing depressive and anxiety symptoms.     

特征整合与加工深度对道德概念容器隐喻联结的影响

提出了隐喻提取假说将隐喻联结的形成和提取进行分离, 并通过3个实验探究了道德概念与容器空间的隐喻联结及其受知觉加工深度和特征整合程度的影响。实验1采用空间Stroop范式, 实验2a和实验2b均采用启动范式, 实验3a和实验3b均采用加入任务要求的Stroop范式。结果发现：(1)在经典Stroop范式中未发现道德概念与容器空间的隐喻联结; (2)在启动范式中发现, 较深知觉加工深度下道德概念与容器空间存在较弱的隐喻联结; (3)在较高特征整合程度的Stroop任务中, 道德概念与容器空间存在较强的隐喻联结。结果表明：道德概念与容器空间存在道德为内、不道德为外的隐喻联结, 这种隐喻联结在映射上表现为双向性, 并且受到特征整合程度和知觉加工深度的影响, 同时也为隐喻提取假说提供了证据支持。     

When Is Silence Golden? A Meta-analysis on Antecedents and Outcomes of Employee Silence

Journal of Business and Psychology - Recent research on employee silence has grown rapidly, but findings remain quantitatively unsynthesized. This paper presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of...     

Using game theory to examine incentives in influenza vaccination behavior

The social good often depends on the altruistic behavior of specific individuals. For example, epidemiological studies of influenza indicate that elderly individuals, who face the highest mortality risk, are best protected by vaccination of young individuals, who contribute most to disease transmission. To examine the conditions under which young people would get vaccinated to protect elderly people, we conducted a game-theory experiment that mirrored real-world influenza transmission, with "young" players contributing more than "elderly" players to herd immunity. Participants could spend points to get vaccinated and reduce the risk of influenza. When players were paid according to individual point totals, more elderly than young players got vaccinated, a finding consistent with the Nash equilibrium predicting self-interested behavior. When players were paid according to group point totals, however, more young than elderly players got vaccinated-a finding consistent with the utilitarian equilibrium predicting group-optimal behavior-which resulted in higher point totals than when players were paid for their individual totals. Thus, payout structure affected whether individuals got vaccinated for self-interest or group benefit.     

孕12周～14周血小板计数及平均血小板体积对子痫前期的预测作用

探讨孕12周～14周血小板计数(PLT)及平均血小板体积(MPV)对子痫前期的预测作用.选取50例子痫前期患者为病例组,234正常孕妇为对照组,采用非参数检验方法(K-S检验)进行病例对照研究,比较童组研究对象孕12周～14周PLT及MPV的差异,寻找孕早期对子痫前期可以起到预测作用的血清学标志物.病例组和对照组的PLT及MPV均无显著性意义(P＞0.05).孕12周～14周PLT及MPV对子痫前期无预测作用.     

行政职业能力倾向测验:历史、现状与未来研究

经过二十多年的发展,行政职业能力倾向测验已经成为公务员考试中不可缺少的测评工具之一。在实践发展中,行测内外部的变化引发了许多研究问题。然而,现有研究的广度和深度都较为有限。为了提高行测的科学化水平,该文指出未来亟需从以下方面开展研究:(1)借鉴认知诊断理论对各个题型进行研究;(2)测量结构的确立;(3)分级分类考试的架构设计;(4)新题型开发;(5)分数合成;(6)试题公平性等。     

诠释与转换：积极心理健康及其当代理解

积极心理健康是积极心理学理论系统的一个重要组成部分,也是积极心理学理论本身在心理健康领域的一种应用。积极心理健康以积极为核心观念,以人的积极品质为研究对象,注重人的个体差异的研究思路,引领和推动传统心理健康从关注人的消极品质转向人的积极潜力,从而使心理健康的主题既符合时代潮流又具有深厚的思想底蕴。     

Teaching Engineering Ethics using BLOCKS Game

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a newly developed design game called BLOCKS to stimulate awareness of ethical responsibilities amongst engineering students. The design game was played by seventeen teams of chemical engineering students, with each team having to arrange pieces of colored paper to produce two letters each. Before the end of the game, additional constraints were introduced to the teams such that they faced similar ambiguity in the technical facts that the engineers involved in the Challenger disaster had faced prior to the space shuttle launch. At this stage, the teams had to decide whether to continue with their original design or to develop alternative solutions. After the teams had made their decisions, a video of the Challenger explosion was shown followed by a post-game discussion. The students’ opinion on five Statements on ethics was tracked via a Five-Item Likert survey which was administered three times, before and after the ethical scenario was introduced, and after the video and post-game discussion. The results from this study indicated that the combination of the game and the real-life incident from the video had generally strengthened the students’ opinions of the Statements.     

父母教养方式与拖延:完美主义的中介作用

采用父母教养方式问卷、佛洛斯特多维完美主义量表和一般拖延量表对315位大学生进行调查,建立父母教养方式、完美主义和拖延的结构方程模型,考察完美主义在父母教养方式与拖延之间的中介作用。结果发现:(1)消极的父母教养方式负向预测适应性完美主义,正向预测非适应性完美主义;(2)适应性完美主义负向预测拖延,非适应性完美主义正向预测拖延;(3)父母教养方式通过完美主义的中介作用影响拖延行为,非适应性完美主义者易拖延,适应性完美主义者则不易拖延。