探索性因素分析在测验编制中局限性的模拟实验

本文主要用模拟研究的方法,通过生成拟合优度验证性因素分析的数据,来考察探索性因素分析在测验编制中的局限性。结果表明探索性因素分析作为纯数据基础上的一种统计方法,在因素问相关程度较大时．得到与理论假设不一致的结论。本文还就测验中会聚效度的一些限制作了初步探讨,结合具体情况介绍了中等相关限定条件的实质。     

产业生态化:从基础条件与发展误区论平衡理念下的创新策略

生态产业是经济由粗放转化为集约过程中谋求可持续发展的必然选择,转轨经济中的我国在这方面刚刚提到议事日程,该课题虽然很新但很重要.发达国家在该方面已经取得的成功经验为我们提供了很好的参考.产业生态化的本质并不是单纯求得生态环境保护,而是寻找经济发展与生态环境之间的平衡,这需要克服传统模式下生态产业发展上的诸多问题,探索生态产业发展的新思路.通过发展生态旅游、生态农业、循环经济、生态聚集等多种模式,在产业链延伸、工业园模块化设计中将产业生态化做实做好.     

模型构建方法与结构方程建模──与张建平同志商讨

本文就心理所张建平同志的“一种新的统计方法和研究思路一结构方程建模述评”一文讨论了结构方程建模一般概念与ＬＩＳＲＥＬ模型的差异。并简要介绍了另一种结构方程建模方法一偏最小平方模型（ＰａｒｔｉａｌＬｅａｓｔＳｑｕａｒｅＭｏｄｅｌ,简称ＰＬＳ）。     

关于婴儿情绪性的分化实验研究—气质的情绪性特征在不同情绪中的表现是一致的吗?

本实验以情绪反应的潜伏期和持续时间为情绪性特征的指标,测量了30名婴儿的四种基本情绪的情绪性特征。因素分析的结果表明,这四种情绪的情绪性特征之间没有一致性。这意味着在气质测量中应以分化的情绪性维度代替笼统的情绪性维度。同时,本实验还测量了生理指标HRV,并将其和表情指标做了比较。     

“面部反馈假设”的检验研究

该研究让被试做人为表现的面部表情并填写情绪分化量表,对“面部反馈假设”进行检验。结果表明:(1)愤怒表情显著地增强了被试怒体验的强度;(2)面部表情的反馈具有两重性:即既有分化性的反馈效果,它能增强与其相应的情绪体验的强度,而且又有加强或减弱“愉快—不愉快”维度上相反极的情绪体验;(3)面部表情反馈的发生无需以“自我知觉”作为中介。     

发展性阅读障碍的ERP研究

发展性阅读障碍,ERP,语音缺陷假说,Oddball范式。行为实验已经发现,语音能力的缺损是拼音文字发展性阅读障碍的核心。然而近年来行为研究和神经生理学的研究也发现,发展性阅读障碍与基本知觉障碍有关。事件相关电位（event-related potentials ,简称ERP）作为一种独特的电生理学研究手段,从一个更为直观的角度验证了行为实验的结果,推动了发展性阅读障碍的进展。语言认知水平ERP研究表明,发展性阅读障碍者在存在语音加工和信息整合的缺陷。感知觉加工层次的ERP研究结果则不尽一致,有的研究发现,阅读障碍存在着基本的听觉加工缺陷;有的研究则发现发展性阅读障碍存在言语声音加工的缺陷,而对非言语声音的加工与正常读者没有显著差别;有的研究支持大细胞通路受损假说,发现阅读障碍在低对比度和低空间频率上存在视觉加工的缺陷,有的研究结果则没有发现发展性阅读障碍者与正常读者在不同对比度和空间频率上的差异。     

罗夏墨迹测验在西方的发展历史与研究现状

历史上罗夏墨迹测验（RIM）一直被视为投射测验而用精神分析的理论解释它,使其偏离了客观化的发展方向。综合罗夏系统则又回归到了实证的研究道路。综合系统仍视之为一个不完全结构化的、间接的测量方法,因此在人格研究中有独特的作用。关于RIM虽然仍有争议,但其科学研究价值已基本得到公认,目前要做的工作是发展它和完善它     

从认知神经的角度看内隐记忆和外显记忆的分离

当前的一些理论观点认为,内隐记忆和外显记忆依赖于两种不同的记忆系统,它们与大脑的不同区域相联系。该文通过回顾以往相关研究,从神经心理学及神经成像两方面对两种记忆系统的分离现象进行概述：在神经心理学领域发现的证据表明内隐记忆在神经解剖上与外显记忆是分离的;使用fMRI和PET技术,研究者观察到与内隐记忆有关的枕颞区及左下前额区中衰减的神经活动,以及与外显记忆有关的内侧颞区、前额皮层和后内侧顶皮层中增强的活动;使用ERP技术,研究也发现了两种记忆神经系统在时空上的不同特征     

Epigenetic regulation of reelin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in long-term potentiation in rat medial prefrontal cortex

Epigenetic mechanisms have recently been known to play fundamental roles in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory tasks in many brain regions, such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the insular cortex. However, epigenetic mechanism in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), also a crucial neural locus for the control of cognition and emotion, is not well known. The present study investigated the epigenetic regulation of two genes, reelin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), both play important roles in neural plasticity, in the mPFC. The data showed that the levels of total DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs), total histone acetyltransferases (HATs), global acetylated histone 3 (H3) and global acetylated histone 4 (H4) were all changed with the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mPFC, implying that DNA methylation and histone acetylation may involve in synaptic plasticity in the mPFC. The present results further demonstrated that the demethylation status of reelin and bdnf, and acetylated H3 and acetylated H4 at the reelin and the bdnf promoters in the mPFC were enhanced by the delivery of LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation (HFS). Consistently, infusion of DNMT inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), or histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaB), into the mPFC could interfere with LTP-associated demethylation and acetylation of reelin and bdnf genes, and the induction of LTP as well. Long-term retention of trace fear memory, which is dependent on mPFC function, was also altered by administration of these inhibitors into the mPFC. These findings suggest that epigenetic regulation of DNA demethylation and histone acetylation of target genes, such as reelin and bdnf, might underlie the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and memory retention in the mPFC.     

Neural mechanisms underlying the higher levels of subjective well-being in extraverts: Pleasant bias and unpleasant resistance

The present study investigated the neural mechanisms that underlie the higher levels of subjective well-being in extraverts. The impact of extraversion on the human sensitivity to pleasant and unpleasant pictures of diverse emotional intensities was examined. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) for highly positive (HP), moderately positive (MP), and neutral stimuli in the pleasant session, and for highly negative (HN), moderately negative (MN), and neutral stimuli in the unpleasant session, while subjects (16 extraverts and 16 ambiverts) performed a standard/deviant categorization task, irrespective of the emotionality of the deviant stimuli. The results showed significant emotion effects for HP and MP stimuli at the P2 and P3 components in extraverts, but not in ambiverts. Despite a pronounced emotion effect for HN stimuli across the P2, N2, and P3 components in both samples, ambiverts displayed a significant emotion effect for MN stimuli at the N2 and P3 components that was absent in extraverts. The posterior cingulate cortices, which connect multiple neural regions that are important in interactions of emotion and extraversion, may mediate the extravert-specific emotion effect for pleasant stimuli. Thus, extraverts are less susceptible to unpleasant stimuli of mild intensity than are ambiverts, while extraverts have an additional enhanced sensitivity to pleasant stimuli, regardless of emotion intensity. Consequently, the decreased threshold for pleasant emotion and the increased threshold for unpleasant emotion might be essential neural mechanisms that underlie the higher levels of subjective well-being in extraverts.