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921.
922.
大学生专业承诺、学习倦怠的状况及其关系 总被引:110,自引:0,他引:110
为了了解当前大学生积极和消极的学习心理状况,采用量表法对672名不同性别、年级、学科和院校的大学生进行了专业承诺和学习倦怠的研究。结果表明:当前大学生的专业承诺水平不高,学习倦怠的水平较高。在性别上,男生在理想承诺和成就感低上好于女生,男生的情绪低落高于女生;在年级上,大一、大四学生的情感承诺高于大二、大三学生,大二、大三学生在成就感低、行为不当和总倦怠上高于大一学生,大四学生的成就感好于大一、大二、大三学生;在学科上,文、理科学生的专业承诺水平低于医科、工科和术科学生,文、理科学生的总倦怠水平高于医科和工科学生;在院校类型上,师范院校学生专业承诺水平最低,且学习倦怠水平最高。情感承诺是当前大学生学习倦怠的最重要的预测变量。 相似文献
923.
视觉工作记忆中的储存单位--特征还是客体? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
视觉工作记忆中存储的基本单位是客体还是特征,目前尚无定论。本实验试图进一步探索这一问题。被试为30名大学生。实验1的条件是:颜色特征数不同,客体总数相同。实验2的条件是:颜色特征数相同,客体总数不同。结果表明:在记忆由同一属性的特征组成的客体时,视觉工作记忆存储的基本单位是特征。 相似文献
924.
家庭暴力已成为一个世界性的社会问题,然而我国学者对家庭暴力的研究多集中在现象的描述,原因的探讨和完善立法等方面,因而从社会心理学角度探究家庭暴力的认知机制对揭示家庭暴力的实质具有重要意义。心理学研究指出家庭暴力的产生及其对子女的影响而导致的暴力轮回都是认知结构上的偏差所导致,所以从改变认知结构入手的认知行为疗法将是防止家庭暴力的直接和有效的策略。 相似文献
925.
伊朗近代历史上的巴布运动是一次有影响的宗教改革运动。运动虽以失败告终,但作为先驱者,巴布在力主改革、发展、创新过程中,为其后兴起的巴哈伊教信仰体系提供了一个框架。无论后人如何评价巴布,但从宗教传承角度看,没有巴布运动就没有今天的巴哈伊教。深入研究、客观公正地评价当年的巴布运动,是正确理解和解释巴哈伊教前史的基本前提和历史要求。本文着重从三个层面梳理巴布的宗教思想。 相似文献
926.
Temporal Discounting Mechanisms of Future‐oriented Coping: Evidence from Delay Discounting and Task Prioritization Paradigms
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Four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting under different situational conditions. In Study 1, 138 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a delay‐discounting task. In Study 2, 118 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a task‐prioritization activity. The results of both studies indicated that future‐oriented coping had a significant negative association with temporal discounting or the number of rational choices in the neutral‐priming condition, but the relationship was not significant in the stress‐priming condition. In Study 3, qualitative data revealed that the major reason for shifting choices from larger but later payoffs to smaller but sooner rewards in a stressful condition was to reduce the stressful mood, create a positive mood, and promote a sense of accomplishment. This explanation was corroborated by Study 4, in which one group was allowed to choose an immediate payoff and the other group was blocked from choosing that immediate payoff. We confirmed that post‐test anxiety was significantly lower in the immediate payoff group compared with the delayed‐payoff group in proactive and preventive coping, using pre‐test anxiety as a covariate. Preventive coping helped to reduce anxiety levels in a stressful condition only when there was a choice to obtain an immediate payoff. These findings underscore the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting, as well as the flexibility of discounting in the face of stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
927.
Roberto Wu 《Humanistic Psychologist》2015,43(3):267-277
928.
An internal locus of control has benefits for individuals across multiple life domains. Nevertheless, whether it is possible to enhance an individual's internal locus of control has rarely been considered. The authors propose that the presence of job autonomy and skill utilization in work can enhance internal locus of control, both directly and indirectly via job satisfaction. Three waves of data over a four-year period from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (N = 3045) were analyzed. Results showed that job autonomy directly shaped internal locus of control over time, as did job satisfaction. Skill utilization did not play a role in terms of affecting locus of control, and the indirect effects of both job autonomy and skill utilization via job satisfaction were weak. This study suggests the importance of job autonomy in promoting the development of an employee's internal locus of control. 相似文献
929.
Annett Schirmer Christy Reece Claris Zhao Erik Ng Esther Wu Shih‐Cheng Yen 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2015,106(1):107-132
Casual social touch influences emotional perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of interaction partners. We asked whether these influences extend to third‐party observers. To this end, we developed the Social Touch Picture Set comprising line drawings of dyadic interactions, half of which entailed publicly acceptable casual touch and half of which served as no‐touch controls. In Experiment 1, participants provided basic image norms by rating how frequently they observed a displayed touch gesture in everyday life and how comfortable they were observing it. Results implied that some touch gestures were observed more frequently and with greater comfort than others (e.g., handshake vs. hug). All gestures, however, obtained rating scores suitable for inclusion in Experiments 2 and 3. In Experiment 2, participants rated perceived valence, arousal, and likeability of randomly presented touch and no‐touch images without being explicitly informed about touch. Image characters seemed more positive, aroused, and likeable when they touched as compared to when they did not touch. Image characters seemed more negative and aroused, but were equally likeable, when they received touch as compared to when there was no physical contact. In Experiment 3, participants passively viewed touch and no‐touch images while their eye movements were recorded. Differential gazing at touch as compared to no‐touch images emerged within the first 500 ms following image exposure and was largely restricted to the characters' upper body. Gazing at the touching body parts (e.g., hands) was minimal and largely unaffected by touch, suggesting that touch processing occurred outside the focus of visual attention. Together, these findings establish touch as an important visual cue and provide novel insights into how this cue modulates socio‐emotional processing in third‐party observers. 相似文献
930.
Yan Wang Yihan She Stephen M. Colarelli Yuan Fang Hui Meng Qiuju Chen Xin Zhang Hongwei Zhu 《Aggressive behavior》2018,44(1):89-97