Nudge to Health: Harnessing Decision Research to Promote Health Behavior

We review selected literature that examines how biases in decision making can be utilized to encourage individual health behavior, such as vaccination, and promote policy decisions, such as resource allocation. These studies use simple interventions to nudge people towards more optimal health decisions without restricting decision‐makers’ freedom of choice. Examples include framing effects, defaults, implementation intentions, position effects, social norm, incentives, and emotions. We suggest that nudges are an effective way to promote healthy behavior.     

成人面部表情及其判断的初步探讨

本实验就Izard提出的十种基本情绪采集了成人的面部表情照片,并进行了辨认评定以及同婴儿相应面部表情的比较工作。本实验结果支持了Izard的观点,认为面部表情的发生和辨认有着客观的生物基础,同时证明成人与婴儿的面部表情之间有很大连续性,从而验证了情绪表情具有先天程序化的内在本质的假设。     

产业生态化:从基础条件与发展误区论平衡理念下的创新策略

生态产业是经济由粗放转化为集约过程中谋求可持续发展的必然选择,转轨经济中的我国在这方面刚刚提到议事日程,该课题虽然很新但很重要.发达国家在该方面已经取得的成功经验为我们提供了很好的参考.产业生态化的本质并不是单纯求得生态环境保护,而是寻找经济发展与生态环境之间的平衡,这需要克服传统模式下生态产业发展上的诸多问题,探索生态产业发展的新思路.通过发展生态旅游、生态农业、循环经济、生态聚集等多种模式,在产业链延伸、工业园模块化设计中将产业生态化做实做好.     

略论利奥波德及其生态学的道德心

本文通过分析现代生态学对自然界状态和食物链的概念,以及利奥波德从生态哲学角度对土地金字塔所做的阐释,梳理了利奥波德对生态学的道德心这一理念的具体内容,说明了生态学道德心和休闲活动在保护环境和形成环保意识方面所发挥的重要作用。具体体现在以下两方面:1.建立或培养生态学的道德心,限制膨胀的私欲;2.开展休闲活动:加强生态学的意识,培养理性美德和荒野审美感。     

兼职蛋白质及其哲学思考

在蛋白质组学天空中,新近提出的兼职蛋白质概念正越来越受到人们的关注。研究发现,某些蛋白质因其细胞定位、细胞类型、寡聚状态的不同及其配体、底物、辅因子和产物在细胞内浓度的变化而表现出不同的功能,从而对细胞和机体产生诸多有益作用,并使其发展出一系列完善机制以实现不同功能间的转换。兼职蛋白质概念的提出不仅改变了一个基因－－一种蛋白质－－一种功能的传统观念,也为大分子间相互作用、细胞复杂性及生物多样性研究     

Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: a field quasi-experiment

The present study examined the relationship between promotion, perceived instrumentality of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) for promotion, and employees' OCB before and after promotion. A field quasi-experiment involving 293 tellers of a multinational bank was conducted. Both supervisors and employees provided OCB ratings 3 months before and 3 months after the promotion decision was announced. The authors found employees who perceived OCB as instrumental to their promotion and who were promoted were more likely to decline in their OCB after the promotion.     

头颈部鳞状细胞癌治疗方法选择中的理性分析

近年来肿瘤生物治疗已经发展成为继手术、放疗和化疗之后的第四种治疗方法,并且已被逐步应用于头颈部鳞状细胞癌的治疗中.因此,如何选择合适的治疗方法、制定最佳治疗方案成为临床工作的重点.通过辩证性、系统性分析,可以认为优化组合的综合治疗有望成为头颈部鳞状细胞癌的主导治疗方法.     

Career Decision Ambiguity Tolerance Scale: Construction and initial validations

The Career Decision Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (CDAT) measures individual evaluations of and responses to ambiguity encountered in career decision making. It was developed and initially validated through two studies of college students. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis consistently showed a three-factor structure for career decision ambiguity tolerance, consisting of preference, tolerance, and aversion. In addition to support for construct validity and subscale reliabilities, the findings also support the scale's incremental validity in predicting career indecision, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career adaptability over and beyond general ambiguity tolerance. The theoretical meaning and practical application of the CDAT were discussed along with its limitations and suggestions for future research.     

慢性应激对大鼠行为和免疫细胞热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的：研究慢性不确定应激对大鼠急性整体热水浴后外周血和脾脏免疫细胞热休克蛋白70（Heat shock protein 70, HSP70）表达的影响。方法：随机将大鼠分成慢性应激组和控制组（每组14只）。通过4周的慢性不确定性应激诱发实验组大鼠明显的抑郁行为,此期间控制组大鼠正常饲养。随后给予大鼠42度整体热水浴刺激,维持直肠温度41度25min。热刺激后6h,采用流式细胞仪测定大鼠外周血和脾脏免疫细胞HSP70 水平。结果：与控制组大鼠相比,慢性应激大鼠在急性热刺激后HSP70合成明显减少。控制组大鼠的所有被检测的免疫细胞热应激后HSP70合成均明显增加。相反,慢性应激大鼠仅在外周血的单核细胞和粒细胞检测到HSP70合成增加,同时升高的水平明显低于控制组大鼠。结论：慢性应激降低大鼠免疫细胞HSP70的热诱导反应,提示HSP70保护性作用减弱可能参与了慢性应激损害免疫细胞功能的生物学过程     

重症免疫性血小板减少性紫癜紧急救治方案的探讨

为了探讨重症免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的治疗方案,回顾性分析118例接受激素(92例)或丙种球蛋白(16例)或rhTPO(10例)治疗患者的临床资料,分析疗效及不良反应.结果显示:(1)激素组,丙种球蛋白组和rhTPO组总有效率分别为76.1%、81.3%和70%,组间差异无统计学意义.复发组有效率(67.3%)明显低于初治组(83.3%,P<0.05),PAIgG伴PAIgM升高组有效率明显低于不伴PAIgM升高组(P<0.05);(2)血小板达峰时间:激素组为(5.70±3.68)d,丙种球蛋白组为(4.31±0.75)d,rhTPO组为(5.00±1.63)d,激素组与丙种球蛋白组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)不良反应:激素组均出现类库欣综合征表现,丙种球蛋白组未见不良反应,1例(10%)rhTPO组患者出现轻度转氨酶增高.总之,丙种球蛋白和rhTPO治疗成人重症ITP疗效好,不良反应轻微.