领导-部属交换（LMX）的回顾与展望

领导-部属交换理论从领导和部属的对偶关系中考察领导行为及其对下属的绩效、组织承诺等结果变量的影响。文章回顾了领导-部属交换的文献,对于它的概念、理论基础、结构、测量工具等进行了综合介绍,对不同测量工具的各自的特点以及它们之间的关系做了分析,接着总结了影响领导-部属关系的影响因素和结果变量以及与变革型领导的关系,最后提出未来研究应该加强从领导部属交换的发展阶段以及从部属或领导的角度来分析领导-部属交换理论     

电视节目质量研究述评

电视节目质量研究始于20世纪40年代,不同的国家设计了不同的指标来评价节目的质量,如欣赏指数、电视指数、享受指数、值得收看指数、兴趣指数、观众满意度等。文章概述了电视节目质量研究的历史、主要成果及研究动态,并系统介绍了最具影响力的欣赏指数调查,以及欣赏指数与电视收视率、节目类型、观众人口特征等因素之间的关系,最后对目前电视节目质量研究中的局限和不足做出分析和总结     

基因检测与治疗中若干问题的伦理学思考

随着基因组学的发展,临床医学中出现了基因检测与基因治疗的新方法,伴随着基因技术的临床应用出现了一些伦理、法律和社会新问题,迫使人们从理论和观念层次加以考察并探讨解决问题的可能性途径,对基因检测和基因治疗中出现或可能出现的伦理学问题进行了初步探讨,结合国际人类基因组计划的有关规范,探索了解决问题的可能性途径。     

论医学生从业素质的要求与培养

21世纪的高等医学教育应该适应卫生事业发展、医学模式转变,特别是社会进步与医学科学发展的宏观背景,以综合素质、创新能力和创新精神、适应社会需求、多维学科结构等要素为培养目标,以脑科学研究和信息技术为重要手段,改革和构建21世纪医学教育新模式,以培养出更多优秀的21世纪所需要的创造性医学人才。     

成人面部表情及其判断的初步探讨

本实验就Izard提出的十种基本情绪采集了成人的面部表情照片,并进行了辨认评定以及同婴儿相应面部表情的比较工作。本实验结果支持了Izard的观点,认为面部表情的发生和辨认有着客观的生物基础,同时证明成人与婴儿的面部表情之间有很大连续性,从而验证了情绪表情具有先天程序化的内在本质的假设。     

Synelfin Regulation during the Critical Period for Song Learning in Normal and Isolated Juvenile Zebra Finches

Male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) learn to sing during a critical period in adolescence. We previously described a presynaptic protein, synelfin, whose mRNA is increased early in this critical period in a brain nucleus specifically implicated in song learning, lateral MAN (lMAN). In the current study, in situ hybridization was used to map this change in gene expression to the subregion of lMAN that projects to the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), the principal motor output of the telencephalic circuit that controls song production. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we detected numerous puncta of synelfin immunoreactivity that apparently represent presynaptic terminals from lMAN in the RA of young males. Synelfin immunoreactivity in RA declined abruptly between 40 and 45 days of age, a time of major synaptic reorganization in RA. This change did not occur until about 10 days after the decline in synelfin mRNA in cell bodies within lMAN, indicating a relatively slow turnover of the protein in presynaptic terminals and suggesting that some of the functional changes that occur during the critical period may arise from regulatory decisions that were initiated a week or more earlier. Depriving birds of tutoring did not halt or delay the decline of synelfin mRNA in lMAN. This change in gene expression must not be a consequence of early song learning, but may reflect an innate or programmed step in song circuit development.     

Assessing School Academic Productivity: The Case of Chicago School Reform

This paper considers the issues raised in using standardized achievement test scores for purposes of examining the academic productivity of schools. We critique some commonly used practices by urban school districts and suggest an alternative approach – the school productivity profile. This profile is based on an assessment of each school's contribution to student learning, or value-added, rather than just the overall level of student attainment. We illustrate, using 10-year achievement trend data from the Chicago Public Schools (CPS), both the problems with some commonly reported indicators of school effectiveness and the idea of a school productivity profile. While our analyses suggest broad-based improvements in student learning in many Chicago schools over the past 10 years, we also found that the current testing system is not well designed to make such judgments accurately. We conclude that extant standardized testing systems, like the ITBS used in Chicago, do not afford an accurate basis for assessing school productivity and how this might be changing over time. These results have important policy implications. As school districts seek to become more outcome oriented, they will need to invest in better testing and reporting systems in order to know whether they are making genuine progress in this regard.     

正负性情绪的自主生理反应实验研究

随机抽取２４名大学生（男女各半）观看了两段内容不同的录像片段,对观看录像时的主观体验和心率（ＨＲ）、指端脉搏容积（ＦＰＶ）的变化情况做了研究。结果表明：①实验选用的两段录像分别诱发出了正性和负性情绪．②不同情绪下的自主生理反应是不同的。正性情绪下,ＨＲ变化不显著,ＦＰＶ显著下降;负性情绪下,ＨＲ显著增加,ＦＰＶ显著下降。③不同情绪下的生理反应恢复速度没有差异,但不同生理指标的恢复速度有差异,ＨＲ的恢复速度比ＦＰＶ的快．④正性情绪下,ＨＲ和ＦＰＶ之间的相关很低;负情情绪下。两种生理指标之间里显著的负相关．⑤性别只对生理指标的基础值有影响。     

关于先发情绪体验对后发情绪过程的影响的一项实验

本实验试图探讨是否存在着一种先发体验,它的影响能在随后发生的情绪过程中表现出来。实验得到了肯定的结果。它显示为:(1)先发情绪体验若与后发情绪的性质相接近,则对后者起促进作用;若相反,则起抑制作用,(2)激起后发情绪的反应时(RT)与所发生情绪的持续时(DE)二者之间有显著的正相关。     

情绪的组织功能——关于情绪对认知操作的影响的几个实验总结

本文就(1)情绪的一般唤醒和具体情绪分化、(2)不同享乐色调情绪状态对认知操作的作用、(3)怒情绪的作用、(4)作为情绪的兴趣的作用、(5)情绪以体验形式起作用等五个问题,在总结情绪与认知操作的系列实验基础上,讨论了情绪的组织性功能;认为不同享乐色调的情绪对认知操作起着性质不同的组织作用或瓦解作用。