哥德尔在构造主义数学方面的工作

众所周知,哥德尔是一位实在论者。然而,他在构造主义数学方面也有着精深的研究和重要的工作。例如,哥德尔的否定性翻译和《辩证法》翻译。这些方法在现今的数理逻辑研究,尤其是证明论中有广泛的应用。而本文关心的是这些工作在数学基础和数学哲学方面的价值。我们将介绍、整理哥德尔的这些成果,并试图将它们编制成一幅围剿直觉主义的布阵图。我们也会讨论其中的薄弱之处,并由此碰触哥德尔哲学中一些挣扎而神秘的地方:绝对证明、概念理论和心物关系。     

Boarding School Attendance and Physical Health Status of Northern Plains Tribes

Our hypothesis was that boarding school attendance among Northern Plains tribal members was associated with lower self-reported physical health status controlling for demographic, socioeconomic variables, the number of mental health and physical health problems. This secondary analysis used the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project data collected from 1997 to 1999. This analysis included (n = 1638) Northern Plains tribally enrolled members, aged 15–54, who lived on or within 20 miles of their reservations. Using linear regression and path analysis we examined the indirect, direct, and combine associations of boarding school attendance and physical health status. Results confirm boarding school attendance contributed indirectly (beta = ?.83, CI = ?1.33,-.33, p. ≤ .001) through number of physical health conditions to lower physical health status. Combined direct and indirect results (beta = ?.39, CI = ?1.20, .42) show American Indians who attended boarding school have lower physical health status (beta = ?1.22, CI = ?2.18,-.26, p. ≤ .01) than those who did not. The relationship of American Indian boarding school attendance and physical health status is complex with more than one path existing. We need to better understand the relationship of boarding school attendance and American Indian health, identify risk factors, and develop interventions for families and younger generations.     

Assessing Psychiatric Symptoms in Youth Affected by HIV: Comparing a Brief Self-Administered Rating Scale with a Structured Diagnostic Interview

Brief psychiatric assessment tools are needed for evaluating children affected by HIV for emotional and behavioral problems. We compared a self-administered symptom rating scale (CASI-4R) to a semi-structured diagnostic interview (DICA-P) in 136 U.S. children affected by HIV. Agreement and performance measures for the two instruments were computed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety, and disruptive behavior. Correlations and regression analyses were conducted to compare the two instruments, and to evaluate their associations with social, academic, and global function. Higher CASI-4R symptom severity scores were associated with DICA diagnoses (p?<?0.02 for all disorders). Agreement (κ) between DICA diagnoses and CASI-4R Clinical Cutoffs (which incorporated symptoms and impairment) was low to moderate (0.19–0.40 for all disorders). Thirty-two percent of cases with a DICA diagnosis were identified by the CASI-4R Clinical Cutoff (sensitivity), yet over 90% of DICA-negative cases were negative by the CASI-4R (specificity). Sensitivity was higher using CASI-4R Severity Score thresholds based on median scores compared to the DICA diagnoses. The presence and severity of psychiatric symptoms and impairment were associated with poorer academic, social, and global function. The CASI-4R symptom checklist can be used to inexpensively screen youth affected by HIV for emotional and behavioral problems, although it is important that there be appropriate mental health evaluation follow-up.     

Linking cheating in school and corruption

Introduction

Previous research suggests a link between academic cheating and corruption. However, no prior empirical studies examined this link with cross-cultural data.

论故意传播艾滋病行为的法律定性

目前与故意传播艾滋病行为相关的刑事犯罪正在悄然上升,对于故意传播艾滋病行为究竟应以什么罪名定性争议很大.从医学的角度看,传播艾滋病行为的途径不同,故意传播艾滋病行为的法律定性也必然不同.     

现代医院人文关怀缺失的思考

科学技术的革命给医学事业带来了空前的发展机遇,也向广大医务工作者在精神、伦理、思想等方面提出了挑战.阐述了现代医院人文关怀缺失的主要表现,分析了医院人文关怀缺失产生的原因,并提出了相应的对策.     

异常心理病理机制的哲学思考

通过现代心理学、异常心理学、心理哲学及分子生物学的研究成果对异常心理病理机制的哲学分析,探讨异常心理病理机制的哲学本质.异常心理同正常心理一样不仅有自然物质世界的各种特性,还有许多自然物质世界不具有的高级和复杂特性.异常心理病理机制的哲学本质是它的意义世界和价值世界.     

论手术时间与外科医生的手术风格

手术操作时间的长短是衡量外科医生手术技能的重要指标,作者根据自己实施2万多例矫形外科手术的体会,试论手术速度与外科医生的性格特征、工作态度、手术风格及综合能力的关系.提出了要成为一个好的外科医生应具备的基本素质、技能训练和学习要求.     

优化乙肝治疗方案真实评价治疗效果

目前乙肝治疗比较混乱,给患者带来许多损失,优化乙肝治疗方案,是从患者病情出发,实施个体化治疗,目标是安全、有效、经济和适度,处于抗病毒最佳时机的患者可以考虑使用干扰素或拉米夫定;乙肝病毒携带者暂时禁止使用药物治疗;急性乙肝只给与基本治疗,待其自愈.实施优化方案,杜绝各种各样的商业广告;凡是尝试性治疗,一律按照新药临床验证程序进行,一律实行免费.治疗乙肝的疗效最终取决于持久、完全效应,不应局限在病毒阴转或肝功正常上.     

美容医学:小心市场诱惑的陷阱--关于美容医学健康发展的几个问题

要辨析市场经济下爱美的不同动因,警惕对美的异化,科学地估量外在美的意义;正确看待自然美、健康美、内在美与人工美的关系;慎重对待一些美容手术的实际效果,特别是它的远期效果;美容医生应坚守医生的道德底线,拒绝金钱的诱惑,并十分谨慎地对待生活的医学化.