乙肝防治决策的基本点

我国现有乙肝现症感染者1亿多人,乙肝防治决策需要整个社会的参与,决策是否可以取得成效取决于以下几个基本点:决策的权威性;决策的科学性;决策的可行性。决策的前提是:预防为主,治疗为辅。     

产后抑郁症相关因素及防治

产后抑郁症是产妇常见的心理行为异常,严重危害产妇的身心健康,其病因复杂。用系统论方法分析产后抑郁症相关因素,论述产后抑郁症发生是由多方面因素引起,而各因素之间是相互制约、相互作用的。因此,防治产后抑郁症应从整体考虑,多种方法综合应用,以期达到最佳防治效果。     

Comparing the CASI-4R and the PGBI-10 M for Differentiating Bipolar Spectrum Disorders from Other Outpatient Diagnoses in Youth

We compared 2 rating scales with different manic symptom items on diagnostic accuracy for detecting pediatric bipolar spectrum disorder (BPSDs) in outpatient mental health clinics. Participants were 681 parents/guardians of eligible children (465 male, mean age = 9.34) who completed the Parent General Behavior Inventory-10-item Mania (PGBI-10 M) and mania subscale of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-Revised (CASI-4R). Diagnoses were based on KSADS interviews with parent and youth. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and diagnostic likelihood ratios (DLRs) determined discriminative validity and provided clinical utility, respectively. Logistic regressions tested for incremental validity in the CASI-4R mania subscale and PGBI-10 M in predicting youth BPSD status above and beyond demographic and common diagnostic comorbidities. Both CASI-4R and PGBI-10 M scales significantly distinguished BPSD (N = 160) from other disorders (CASI-4R: Area under curve (AUC) = .80, p < 0.0005; PGBI-10 M: AUC = 0.79, p < 0.0005) even though scale items differed. Both scales performed equally well in differentiating BPSDs (Venkatraman test p > 0.05). Diagnostic likelihood ratios indicated low scores on either scale (CASI: 0–5; PGBI-10 M: 0–6) cut BPSD odds to 1/5 of those with high scores (CASI DLR- = 0.17; PGBI-10 M DLR- = 0.18). High scores on either scale (CASI: 14+; PGBI-10 M: 20+) increased BPSD odds about fourfold (CASI DLR+ = 4.53; PGBI-10 M DLR+ = 3.97). Logistic regressions indicated the CASI-4R mania subscale and PGBI-10 M each provided incremental validity in predicting youth BPSD status. The CASI-4R is at least as valid as the PGBI-10 M to help identify BPSDs, and can be considered as part of an assessment battery to screen for pediatric BPSDs.     

Maternal Childhood Sexual Trauma and Early Parenting: Prenatal and Postnatal Associations

Existing research suggests that approximately 19% of females experience childhood sexual trauma (CST). Little is known, however, about the parenting behaviour of mothers who have experienced CST. Using propensity‐matched controls, the present study examines prenatal psychosocial distress, postnatal depressive symptomatology, and caregiving behaviours of women reporting CST at or before the age of 14. Data for these analyses were obtained from mother reports and from observational protocols from a longitudinal study of low‐income, rural families. Propensity score methodology was used to create a contrast group matched on family of origin variables in an effort to isolate and examine the long‐term associations of CST beyond the effects of other childhood adversities such as poverty. Study findings provide evidence that women with CST histories report greater prenatal psychosocial distress compared to women without trauma histories. Findings further provide evidence for a spillover process from prenatal distress to the broader caregiving system including less sensitive parenting through postnatal depressive symptoms for women with CST histories. These results highlight the importance of screening for CST and psychosocial distress and depression prenatally. Interventions for women with CST histories and directions for future study are proposed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建构第一人称信念逻辑的一致性难题

研究信念逻辑的有趣之处在于：可以在没有清楚的存在与等同条件下,建立一套元目的形式理论。现有的合理且可能为真的形式系统皆因为著名的“知识拥有者的悖论（Knower’s Paradox）”而导致不一致。这篇论文将建构一套第一人称信念的形式系统。用来建构系统的信念将来自内在观点,因此信念的拥有者将不在讨论的范围中。此外,本篇论文将论证信念的背景将扮演语意、知识论及语用的角色。本篇论文建构的系统将是标准初阶逻辑的有限延展,并将使用到引述。本系统所使用的公理及规则相对较弱,且因为太弱而不足够,因此导致了系统的不一致。本论文欲藉此论证：可被定义的信念集合将不可能被找到。在现有的信念理论及所有的第一人称信念理论中,有限且可被定义的信念集合皆为不一致的原因在于并未涵盖我们真实拥有的信念。     

员工职业倦怠、应对方式、生活满意度与心理健康的相关研究

目的：探讨职业倦怠、应对方式、生活满意度对心理健康水平的影响。方法：运用问卷调查法测量了南京市移动公司共132名员工（剔除无效后获得有效问卷113份）的职业倦怠、应对方式、生活满意度和心理健康水平。所用工具分别是职业倦怠问卷（MBI中文修订）,简易应对方式量表,生活满意度指数（LSIA）,症状自评量表（SCL-90）。结果：（1）职业倦怠三个维度与症状自评量表总分存在显著相关（0.655;0.502;0.365）。（2）简易应对方式量表中,积极应对方式与症状自评量表存在负相关（-0.134）,消极应对方式与症状自评量表存在显著正相关（0.460）。（3）职业倦怠量表的情感枯竭,讥诮态度和简易应对方式量表的消极应对方式对心理健康有一定的预测效应。（4）生活满意度指数与症状自评量表没有达到显著相关,且该指数对心理健康没有明显的预测作用。     

中小学生阅读不同配图课文的眼动研究

使用ASL-4200R型眼动仪,采用3×2×2的三因素混合设计,对77名中小学生阅读不同配图课文进行了考察。结果表明:(1)中小学生阅读不同配图难度课文的阅读成绩、阅读时间等阅读理解指标,以及注视频率、注视点持续时间和眼跳距离等眼动指标具有明显的年龄特征;(2)中小学生阅读不同配图课文的阅读成绩、阅读时间和阅读速度等阅读理解指标,以及注视次数和回视次数等眼动指标具有显著差异,示意图组显著优于实景图组;(3)中小学生阅读不同难度课文的注视频率和回视次数对阅读过程有非常显著的影响,易课文显著优于难课文。     

不同认知风格小学生的外显和内隐记忆发展研究

以小学三年级和五年级146名学生为被试,采用2(年级:三年级、五年级)×2(图片类型:具体图片、抽象图片)×2(认知风格:冲动型、反省型)混合设计,依据Gruppuso等人提出的单一测验加工分离程序的范式,对不同认知风格小学生的外显记忆和内隐记忆发展进行了探讨。结果发现.外显记忆具有明显的年龄特征,内隐记忆则无。认知风格对外显记忆未表现出显著的影响。五年级反省型被试的内隐记忆成绩显著高于同年级冲动型被试的成绩。     

诚信为本 操守为重——湖南省儒商学会诚信宣言

湖南省儒商学会的诚信宣言