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991.
Two studies investigated the connection between narcissism and sensitivity to criticism. In study 1, participants completed
the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Sensitivity to Criticism Scale (SCS) and were asked to construct and
deliver speeches to be rated by performance judges. They were then asked whether they would like to receive evaluative feedback.
Narcissism and sensitivity to criticism were mildly, but not significantly, negatively correlated and had contrasting relationships
with choices regarding feedback. Highly narcissistic participants tended to seek (rather than avoid) feedback, whereas highly
sensitive participants tended to reject feedback opportunities. Study 2 examined the relationship between sensitivity to criticism
and both overt and covert narcissism. Those scoring high on the trait narcissism, as measured by the NPI, tended to be less
sensitive to criticism, sought (rather than avoided) feedback opportunities, experienced little internalized negative emotions
in response to “extreme” feedback conditions, and did not expect to ruminate over their performance. By contrast, participants
scoring high on a measure of “covert narcissism” were high in sensitivity to criticism, tended to avoid feedback opportunities,
experienced high levels of internalized negative emotions, and showed high levels of expected rumination. These findings suggest
that the relationship between narcissism and sensitivity to criticism is highly dependent upon the definition or “form” of
narcissism considered. 相似文献
992.
Beck MR Angelone BL Levin DT Peterson MS Varakin DA 《Consciousness and cognition》2008,17(4):1192-1208
Previous research demonstrates that implicitly learned probability information can guide visual attention. We examined whether the probability of an object changing can be implicitly learned and then used to improve change detection performance. In a series of six experiments, participants completed 120–130 training change detection trials. In four of the experiments the object that changed color was the same shape (trained shape) on every trial. Participants were not explicitly aware of this change probability manipulation and change detection performance was not improved for the trained shape versus untrained shapes. In two of the experiments, the object that changed color was always in the same general location (trained location). Although participants were not explicitly aware of the change probability, implicit knowledge of it did improve change detection performance in the trained location. These results indicate that improved change detection performance through implicitly learned change probability occurs for location but not shape. 相似文献
993.
Barnett MA 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2008,11(3):145-161
Economic disadvantage is associated with multiple risks to early socioemotional development. This article reviews research regarding family stress frameworks to model the pathways from economic disadvantage to negative child outcomes via family processes. Future research in this area should expand definitions of family and household to incorporate diversity and instability. This expansion would be particularly relevant for research among low-income ethnic minority families and families with young children. This line of research would highlight specific pathways to target to prevent the onset of early parental and child dysfunction. 相似文献
994.
M. Alice Shillingsburg Michael E. Kelley Henry S. Roane April Kisamore Melissa R. Brown 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(2):209-223
Topographically similar verbal responses may be functionally independent forms of operant behavior. For example, saying yes or no may have different functions based on the environmental conditions in effect. The present study extends previous research on both the assessment and acquisition of yes and no responses across contexts in children with language deficits and further examined the functional independence of topographically similar responses. All participants in the present study acquired yes and no responses within verbal operants (e.g., mands). However, generalization of the responses across novel verbal operants (e.g., tacts to intraverbals) did not occur without additional training, thus supporting Skinner's (1957) assertion of functional independence of verbal operants. 相似文献
995.
Adam M. Grant Andrew Molinsky Joshua Margolis Melissa Kamin William Schiano 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(2):319-349
Considerable research has examined how procedural injustice affects victims and witnesses of unfavorable outcomes, with little attention to the “performers” who deliver these outcomes. Drawing on dissonance theory, we hypothesized that performers' reactions to procedural injustice in delivering unfavorable outcomes are moderated by prosocial identity—a helping‐focused self‐concept. Across 2 experiments, individuals communicated unfavorable outcomes decided by a superior. Consistent with justice research, when prosocial identities were not primed, performers experienced greater negative affect and behaved more prosocially toward victims when a superior's decision‐making procedures were unjust. Subtly activating performers' prosocial identities reversed these reactions. Results highlight how roles and identities shape the experience and delivery of unfavorable outcomes: When procedures are unjust, prosocial identity can reduce prosocial behavior. 相似文献
996.
Melissa K. Runyon Robert A. Steer Esther Deblinger 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):129-136
The Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth (BYI-S; Beck et al. in Manual for the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social
Impairment, 2001) was administered to 100 adolescents (12–17 years old) who experienced sexual abuse. An iterated principal-factor analysis
found that the BYI-S represented two highly correlated (r = .53) factors corresponding to the Self-Esteem and Competency dimensions that Steer, Kumar, Beck, and Beck (J Psychopathol Behav Assess 27:123–131, 2005) found with child psychiatric outpatients. Item analyses were used to derive two six-item subscales measuring Self-Esteem
and Competency that had coefficient αs > .80. The Self-Concept total and subscale scores were differentially correlated with various psychosocial characteristics
of the youth. Low Self-Esteem scores were associated with total number of posttraumatic symptoms and self-reported anger,
whereas low Competency scores were related to externalizing behavior problems. The BYI-S was discussed as being a useful instrument
for assessing the self-concepts of youth who have experienced sexual abuse. 相似文献
997.
998.
Bonnie Auyeung Simon Baron-Cohen Emma Ashwin Rebecca Knickmeyer Kevin Taylor Gerald Hackett Melissa Hines 《Psychological science》2009,20(2):144-148
ABSTRACT— Mammals, including humans, show sex differences in juvenile play behavior. In rodents and nonhuman primates, these behavioral sex differences result, in part, from sex differences in androgens during early development. Girls exposed to high levels of androgen prenatally, because of the genetic disorder congenital adrenal hyperplasia, show increased male-typical play, suggesting similar hormonal influences on human development, at least in females. Here, we report that fetal testosterone measured from amniotic fluid relates positively to male-typical scores on a standardized questionnaire measure of sex-typical play in both boys and girls. These results show, for the first time, a link between fetal testosterone and the development of sex-typical play in children from the general population, and are the first data linking high levels of prenatal testosterone to increased male-typical play behavior in boys. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Cortney Wolfe-Christensen Larry L. Mullins Terry A. Stinnett Melissa Y. Carpentier David A. Fedele 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):322-330
This study examined the use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children—2nd Edition: Parent Report Scale (BASC-2; Reynolds
& Kamphaus, Behavior assessment system for children, 2004) in a pediatric cancer population. Comparisons of scale scores were
made between pediatric cancer participants and controls. Within group comparisons were also made between subtypes of pediatric
cancer. Parents of 111 children and adolescents who had experienced pediatric cancer completed the BASC-2 as part of larger
studies of parent-child adjustment to cancer. Scores on the BASC-2 for cancer survivors were compared to a matched control
group. Results from MANOVA analyses revealed that children with cancer were categorized as evidencing more emotional and cognitive
complaints compared to the control children. Notably, no significant within group differences emerged on the subscales with
regard to cancer subtype. Although preliminary, these results suggest that the BASC-2 can identify the cognitive and emotional
differences between cancer survivors and controls. 相似文献