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831.
Jensen PS 《CNS spectrums》2000,5(6):29-33
Although the concept of pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was first introduced more than 60 years ago, treatment of this disorder remains more controversial than ever. It is hoped, however, that the recent Consensus Development Conference (CDC) Statement on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD will not only help answer some of the questions surrounding management of this disorder, but also lend needed scientific weight to debate in this area. While more research in ADHD is needed, the CDC participants pointed to a solid body of evidence showing that careful medication management can result in noticeable improvement in several measures, with little risk of adverse events. 相似文献
832.
Carnes PJ 《CNS spectrums》2000,5(10):63-72
The management of patients with compulsive sexual behavior requires an understanding of the profile of the sexually compulsive or addicted patient. This article summarizes patient characteristics and their implications for treatment. Data from a study of the recovery of 957 patients who had problematic, sexually excessive behavior are presented. Spanning 5 years, the study shows six distinct stages patients experienced and the clinical activities that were most useful to them. A trajectory of a typical diagnosis and treatment path is provided, as well as important resources for physicians and patients. 相似文献
833.
This study asks, how well does an item response theory (IRT) based computerized adaptive NEO PI-R work? To explore this question, real-data simulations (N = 1,059) were used to evaluate a maximum information item selection computerized adaptive test (CAT) algorithm. Findings indicated satisfactory recovery of full-scale facet scores with the administration of around four items per facet scale. Thus, the NEO PI-R could be reduced in half with little loss in precision by CAT administration. However, results also indicated that the CAT algorithm was not necessary. We found that for many scales, administering the "best" four items per facet scale would have produced similar results. In the conclusion, we discuss the future of computerized personality assessment and describe the role IRT methods might play in such assessments. 相似文献
834.
Frontal-Lobe Involvement in Spatial Memory: Evidence from PET,fMRI, and Lesion Studies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Many studies have identified the prefrontal cortex as the brain area that is critical for spatial memory, both in humans and in other primates. Other studies, however, have failed to establish this relation. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the literature regarding the role of the human prefrontal lobe in spatial memory. This was done by examining the evidence obtained from neuropsychological patients and from studies using brain-imaging techniques (PET and fMRI). Evidence supporting the notion that the prefrontal cortex is extensively involved in spatial working memory was found. The majority of these studies, however, suggests that frontal-lobe involvement is not related to the type of material that is being processed (e.g., spatial vs. nonspatial), but to process-specific functions, such as encoding and retrieval. Theoretically, these functions could be linked to the central executive within Baddeley's working-memory model, or to recent theories that emphasize the various processes that play a role in working memory. Also, methodological issues were discussed. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the precise interaction of domain-specific and general processes. 相似文献
835.
The Self-Identity Inventory (SII) was developed using the Optimal Theory Applied to Identity Development (OTAID) model. A sample of 325 culturally diverse respondents completed the SII, the Tolerance Scale from the California Psychological Inventory, the Belief Systems Analysis Scale, and the Social Desirability and Infrequency Scales. Through confirmatory factor analysis, goodness-of-fit, and social desirability/item infrequency measures, SII items were analyzed, resulting in a 6-scale, 71-item inventory. Internal consistency for the scales ranged from .72 to .90. Test-retest reliability ranged from .72 to .92. Correlations with external construct validity measures supported predictions. Interscale correlations and other statistical tests primarily supported the OTAID model. Implications for therapy and future research are suggested. 相似文献
836.
837.
838.
Paul H. P. Hanel;Hamdullah Tunç;Divija Bhasin;Lukas F. Litzellachner;Gregory R. Maio; 《Journal of personality》2024,92(4):1037-1049
We investigate for the first time in a 9-day diary study whether fulfilling one’s values predicts well-being or whether well-being predicts value fulfillment over time. 相似文献
839.
Dan P. McAdams;Ananya Mayukha; 《Journal of personality》2024,92(3):666-682
We aim to identify the major ideas and trends in the study of morality within personality psychology over the past 100 years. 相似文献
840.
Amy N. Yates Jacqueline G. Cavazos Géraldine Jeckeln Ying Hu Eilidh Noyes Carina A. Hahn Alice J. O'Toole P. Jonathon Phillips 《Applied cognitive psychology》2024,38(6):e70002
Forensic facial professionals have been shown in previous studies to identify people from frontal face images more accurately than untrained participants when given 30 s per face pair. We tested whether this superiority holds in more challenging conditions. Two groups of forensic facial professionals (examiners, reviewers) and untrained participants were tested in three lab-based tasks: other-race face identification, disguised face identification, and face memory. For other-race face identification, on same-race faces, examiners were superior to controls; on different-race identification, examiners and controls performed comparably. Examiners were superior to controls for impersonation disguise, but not consistently superior for evasion disguise. Examiners' performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT+) was marginally better than reviewers and controls. We conclude that under laboratory-style conditions, professional examiners' identification superiority does not generalize completely to other-race and disguised faces. Future work should administer other-race and disguise face identification tests that allow forensic professionals to follow methods and procedures they typically use in casework. 相似文献