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891.
Flanagan T Enns JT Murphy MM Russo N Abbeduto L Randolph B Burack JA 《Brain and cognition》2007,65(1):128-134
The voluntary and reflexive orienting abilities of persons with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome, at average MA levels of approximately 4 and 7 years, were compared with an RT task. Reflexive orienting abilities appeared to develop in accordance with MA for the participants with Down syndrome but not for those with fragile X syndrome. However, both groups showed delayed voluntary orienting. The group differences in reflexive orienting at the low MA level reinforce the practice of separating etiologies and highlight the contribution of rudimentary attentional processes in the study of individuals with mental retardation. 相似文献
892.
Avidan Milevsky Melissa Schlechter Sarah Netter Danielle Keehn 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(1):39-47
Our study examined variations in adolescent adjustment as a function of maternal and paternal parenting styles. Participants
included 272 students in grades 9 and 11 from a public high school in a metropolitan area of the Northeastern US. Participants
completed measures of maternal and paternal parenting styles and indices of psychological adjustment. Authoritative mothering
was found to relate to higher self-esteem and life-satisfaction and to lower depression. Paternal parenting styles was also
related to psychological adjustment, however, although the advantage of authoritative mothering over permissive mothering
was evident for all outcomes assessed, for paternal styles the advantage was less defined and only evident for depression.
Our study highlights the importance of examining process-oriented agents as part of the broader interest in well-being variations
in adolescents. 相似文献
893.
Competition among scientists for funding, positions and prestige, among other things, is often seen as a salutary driving
force in U.S. science. Its effects on scientists, their work and their relationships are seldom considered. Focus-group discussions
with 51 mid- and early-career scientists, on which this study is based, reveal a dark side of competition in science. According
to these scientists, competition contributes to strategic game-playing in science, a decline in free and open sharing of information
and methods, sabotage of others’ ability to use one’s work, interference with peer-review processes, deformation of relationships,
and careless or questionable research conduct. When competition is pervasive, such effects may jeopardize the progress, efficiency
and integrity of science. 相似文献
894.
895.
Melissa Stormont Sydney S. Zentall Sandra Beyda Teresa Javorsky Phillip Belfiore 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2000,10(1):37-48
This study assessed the naturalistic conditions that set the occasion for aggressive behavior in three preschoolers with hyperactivity and aggression (H/A). Peer and teacher responses to preschoolers' aggression were also investigated. For a total of 114 aggressive instances observed, relatively low percentages of aggression in social play with at least one other child were documented. The antecedent condition that was most predictive of aggression was (a) when children were seeking to enter into an activity and were denied entry and (b) when another child interrupted an on-going activity. Aggression was about 14 times greater for seeking/interrupted activity than for ongoing social play. Finally, the percentage of negative responses from peers to aggression on the playground was almost three times the rate documented in past research for preschoolers without hyperactivity. 相似文献
896.
Melissa A. Drifke Jeffrey H. Tiger Madelynn A. Lillie 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(3):1579-1592
Following Functional Communication Training (FCT), clinicians often gradually expose newly taught communicative responses to delayed reinforcement contingencies to prepare clients for the normative environment in which requests are frequently reinforced after a delay. The introduction of delays may result in the resurgence and maintenance of problem behavior and the weakening of the newly trained communicative response. The current study compared delay tolerance with three individuals diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities when reinforcement for the functional communication response (FCR) was delivered following (a) the passage of time, (b) the omission of problem behavior, or (c) the occurrence of an alternative behavior. We measured delay tolerance in terms of minimizing problem behavior and maintaining efficient FCRs. Outcomes support requiring alternative responding during delays to attain optimal treatment results. 相似文献
897.
Lamar Melissa Boots Elizabeth A. Arfanakis Konstantinos Barnes Lisa L. Schneider Julie A. 《Neuropsychology review》2020,30(4):546-557
Neuropsychology Review - Recent reports suggest declines in the age-specific risk of Alzheimer’s dementia in higher income Western countries. At the same time, investigators believe that... 相似文献
898.
Gray MJ Schorr Y Nash W Lebowitz L Amidon A Lansing A Maglione M Lang AJ Litz BT 《Behavior Therapy》2012,43(2):407-415
We evaluated the preliminary effectiveness of a novel intervention that was developed to address combat stress injuries in active-duty military personnel. Adaptive disclosure (AD) is relatively brief to accommodate the busy schedules of active-duty service members while training for future deployments. Further, AD takes into account unique aspects of the phenomenology of military service in war in order to address difficulties such as moral injury and traumatic loss that may not receive adequate and explicit attention by conventional treatments that primarily address fear-inducing life-threatening experiences and sequelae. In this program development and evaluation open trial, 44 marines received AD while in garrison. It was well tolerated and, despite the brief treatment duration, promoted significant reductions in PTSD, depression, negative posttraumatic appraisals, and was also associated with increases in posttraumatic growth. 相似文献
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900.